国家竞争力作为经济学的一种理论为诸多领域所应用，国家竞争力体现了国家这一竞争主体对竞争对象的吸引力或获取力。国家竞争力追求国家利益的最大化，其竞争结果归根结底是为了谋求国家的繁荣、社会的福祉与个人的幸福。从国家竞争力理论的视角去审视美国联邦教育政策会有新的理解。基于国家发展理论、国家竞争力理论与教育政策分析理论等，以国家竞争力理论为主要分析工具，以教育政策与国家竞争力的互动关系为切入点；纵向上以《国防教育法》到《美国竞争法》两个标志性法案之间的政策流变为主线，横向上以国家竞争力评价指标体系中与教育相关的重要指数为分析要素；从科技竞争力指数、国民素质竞争力指数、创新要素竞争力指数等维度，采取历史研究法、因素分析法和比较法等，分析这期间美国重大教育政策的变化特征，挖掘国家竞争力引领的美国联邦教育政策形成的深层因素及其价值诉求；借鉴美国在运用制定教育政策提升国家竞争力的经验，为我国确立国家竞争力导向的教育政策提供智力支持。首先解决国家竞争力理论模式解释教育政策的逻辑前提。教育与国家发展既有乐观主义观点，也有悲观主义观点，但乐观主义是国家竞争力理论解释教育政策的态度。国家利益最大化成为国家竞争力追求的重要目标之一，功利主义便成为联系国家竞争力与教育的共同价值基础。综合WEF国家竞争力指标体系、IMD国家竞争力指标体系和博弈论的国家竞争力指标体系，理出一个基于科技竞争力指数、国民素质竞争力指数、创新要素竞争力指数的示意性教育政策分析框架。其次对美国50年间的联邦教育政策具体分析。纵向上依据几个重大转折时期标志性法案的出台为标志，可以把美国这50年间的联邦教育政策划分为冷战前期、冷战后期、后冷战时代、后911时代四个时期。横向上对美国科技竞争力指数、国民素质竞争力指数、创新要素竞争力指数进行剖析，把美国与亚洲四小龙及金砖四国的这三大国家竞争力要素的具体分指数进行比较，发掘出美国在这三大国家竞争力要素的优势与劣势，找出联邦教育政策对这些方面的因应。最后析出美国50年间的联邦教育政策的价值取向。美国50年间的联邦教育政策主要归结为卓越、创新和国防安全三种价值取向。卓越质量是美国联邦教育政策的追求，创新是美国内化成国民性的精神，国防安全成为联邦教育政策肩负的重任。这些价值诉求成为国家竞争力引领下美国联邦教育政策发展走向的一条主线。借用美国经济改革提出的《华盛顿共识》，可把美国50年间的以卓越、创新和国防安全为价值取向的联邦教育政策归结为《华盛顿教育共识》，期待中国也找到属于自己的《北京教育共识》。

The national competitiveness which is a kind of economic theory is applied in many fields and denotes the attracting or obtaining ability to the competing objects of the competitors—Nation. The national competitiveness pursues maximization of national interests, then its final competition results aims at national prosperity, social welfare and individual happiness. New understanding will acquired to survey the federal education policies from the perspective of the national competitiveness.Based on the theory of national development, the national competitiveness and education policy analysis, Theory of the national competitiveness act as the main analytical tool and the interaction between educational policy and national competitiveness is the research starting point; vertically the evolvement of the policies between two landmark bills from “National Defense Education Act” to “the America COMPETES Act” is the main research logic and horizontally the education-related indicators of the national competitiveness evaluation index system are the analysis elements; This study will find their influence factors and value by analysis of the major federal education policies from three dimensions of science and technology index the national quality index and innovation index by mains of the historical method, the factorial analysis method and the comparison method; It will provide intellectual support for China to establish national competitiveness-oriented education policy by learning from the experience of United States to enhance her competitiveness.Firstly, the study finds the logical premise of education policy explanation by mains of theoretical model of national competitiveness. Education and national development has both optimistic view and pessimism view but optimistic view is appropriate attitude to explain education policy by mains of theoretical model of national competitiveness. Maximization of national interests becomes the pursuit of national competitiveness, one of the important goals, and then Utilitarianism has become linked national competitiveness and education based on common values. The indicative education policy analysis framework based on technology competitiveness index, national quality competitiveness index and innovation competitiveness index will be got by integrating WEF national competitiveness index system, IMD national competitiveness index system and game theory national competitiveness index system.Secondly, the study analyzes specifically the federal education policies since 1958. Vertically the 50 years federal education policies have been divided into four periods which are the earlier stage of Cold War, the later period of Cold War, post-Cold War era and post-911 era.From three dimensions of science and technology index the national quality index and innovation index, America is analyzed and compared with Four Asian Tigers and the BRICs to find the advantages and disadvantages of American and the strategies of federal education policy to identify those areas.Finally, the study analyzes the value trends of American federal education policies since 1958, which are excellent quality, innovation and national security. Excellent quality is the pursuit of federal education policy. Innovation is the spirit of national character. National security is the task of federal education policy. These appealed values become the main line of the development direction of federal education policies which guided by national competitiveness. The United States federal education policies since 1958 which act excellence, innovation and national security as the value orientation come down to the“Washington Education Consensus” borrowing ideas from the U.S. economy's reform“Washington Consensus”and we will look forward to find Chinese“Beijing Education Consensus”.