大力发展3岁以下婴幼儿托育服务是关乎幼有所育实现，助推“全面两孩”人口政策顺利实施的重大民生工程。近年来，国家陆续出台相关政策，对托育机构规范建设提出了基本要求。然而，对于托育机构而言，不能仅着眼于规模扩增和基本规范。在面向“十四五”时期高质量发展的新要求和新形势背景下，如何在增量扩面的基础上，通过评估促进托育机构的高质量发展成为了当前迫切予以关注和解决的问题。目前，我国托育机构质量评估尚处于起步阶段，托育机构质量评估指标体系的相关研究滞后，难以满足高质量建设需求。要破解这一系列难题，亟待充分考虑利益相关者的价值共识，共同建构托育机构质量评估指标体系，确立托育机构质量评估指标体系建构的新取向和新模式，进一步深化托育机构质量评估研究和实践。为此，本研究基于对托育机构质量评估指标体系建构中的价值取向与结构要素的探寻，从政策要求、学术探索及实践诉求出发，综合采用文本分析法、专家咨询法和社会调查法，对国内外托育机构质量评估指标体系建构的相关政策文本、文献资料等进行梳理分析，对行政管理人员、托育机构负责人、保育人员和相关领域专家开展了访谈，深入托育机构实践进行现场调研和质量评估。同时，借助Ucinet 6.0、MXAQDA Plus12质性分析软件对文本资料进行可视化分析；利用SPSS 25.0、STATA 15量化分析软件、使用项目分析、因子分析、回归分析等处理调研数据。最终，对托育机构质量评估指标体系进行建构和验证，提出评估指标体系的建构思路和理论模型，并形成相应的对策建议。主要研究结果如下：

      第一，托育机构质量评估指标体系建构的价值取向。价值取向是托育机构质量评估指标体系建构的指向灯和灵魂。在托育机构质量评估指标体系建构中，人文关怀应当成为其内在的价值底蕴。然而，在托育机构质量评估中存在着人文关怀的异化和失序：表现为功利主义取向下过度追求“物有所值”；质量评估外生性明显，成为一种舶来品；现代技术生长迅速，存在手段取代目的之嫌。为此，亟待引入多元利益主体，重新唤起托育机构质量评估指标体系建构中的人文关怀。在此基础上，本研究充分吸纳主导方向质量的政策要求，代表专业质量的学术探索以及践行服务质量的实践诉求，寻求三方利益主体各自对托育机构质量评估指标体系建构的价值表达，并从评估立场的一元主导与价值需求的多元共存，评估参与主体的多元与价值共识探寻的角度出发提出协调不同利益主体价值取向的可能性思路。最终，确立托育机构质量评估指标体系建构中的儿童立场和价值取向共识。

      第二，托育机构质量评估指标体系建构的结构要素。结构要素是托育机构质量评估指标体系建构的指挥棒，直接指引托育机构质量评估的具体落实和执行。对于托育机构质量评估指标体系而言，不仅需要有明确的价值取向引领，更需要技术性结构要素的研制以实现评估的标准化和量纲化，推动评估从理论建构走向评估实践。为此，在人文关怀价值取向指引下，首先基于政策要求、学术探索和实践诉求，对托育机构质量评估指标体系中结构要素的探索经验进行梳理，以更为全貌地了解托育机构质量评估指标体系中应纳入的核心维度和指标。其次，基于目标一致、全面系统、可操作化和可比性原则对托育机构质量评估指标体系的结构要素进行整合。最后，对行政管理人员、专家学者以及托育机构实践人员进行意见征询，在此基础上初步完成托育机构质量评估指标体系中结构要素的研制。

      第三，托育机构质量评估指标体系的整合与建构。人文性和技术性作为托育机构质量评估指标体系建构中不可或缺的两翼，共同构成了评估指标体系的深层结构。评估的双重性、人文和技术的内在逻辑关联以及人文底蕴对技术追求的规制和限定作用为托育机构质量评估指标体系中人文性和技术性的整合提供了可能。为此，亟待通过和合共生的思维促进托育机构质量评估指标体系中人文性价值取向和技术性结构要素的重新归位与整合。在此基础上，本研究提出了围绕一个共同目标（Goal），涵盖两种思维（Thinking），三方力量（Power）、四大步骤（Step）的托育机构质量评估指标体系建构的G-TPS模型。随后，基于前述对托育机构质量评估指标体系建构中价值取向和结构要素的探讨，总结归纳出涵盖目标层，原则层和指标层的托育机构质量评估指标体系整合“蓝图”。

      第四，托育机构质量评估指标体系建构的实践验证。为了验证托育机构质量评估指标体系在实践中的应用情况，本研究以B市为例，一是验证评估指标体系的适应问题，通过项目分析和信效度检验对适用性进行检验，剔除存在弱相关或者区分度不强的指标，确定指标体系的可靠性以及内部效度；二是回应儿童立场，通过各个质量指标对婴幼儿学习品质、社会性与情感发展、语言发展、动作与健康发展的影响作用进行线性回归分析，尝试识别出能够促进婴幼儿发展的核心敏感性质量指标，为整个托育机构质量评估指标体系的完善提供依据，最终形成涵盖物理空间和设施、卫生保健与生活照料、回应性照护与支持，家长参与及社区合作、人员管理与发展五大要素共18项指标的分层树状拓扑指标结构。

      第五，基于上述研究，对托育机构质量评估指标体系建构进行讨论并尝试提出建议。首先，围绕评估指向何方，评估何以需要以及评估何以可能，对托育机构质量评估指标体系建构的基本立场、价值取向和实践转化进行综合讨论。其次，在托育机构质量评估指标体系的建构思路上，立足于实证研究结论，对症下药，围绕确立注重人文关怀、纳入多元价值主体；坚持儿童为本、积极发挥以评促建作用；加强顶层设计，为托育机构质量评估指标体系的构建和落实提供制度支撑方面提出了相应的对策建议。

      The childcare service for children under 3 years old is a major livelihood project related to the realization of childcare and facilitating the smooth implementation of the "universal two-child policy". In recent years, the government has issued relevant policies to set basic requirements for the standardized construction of childcare settings. However, it is not enough for childcare settings to focus only on scale expansion and basic norms. In the context of the new requirements and new situation of development in the 14th Five-Year Plan period, how to promote the high-quality of childcare through evaluation on the basis of incremental expansion should be paid urgent attention to and solved at present. At present, the quality evaluation of childcare settings in China is still in the initial stage, and the research on quality evaluation index system construction of childcare settings lags behind, and it is difficult to meet the needs of high-quality construction. In order to solve these problems, it is urgent to fully consider the value consensus of the stakeholders, jointly construct the quality evaluation index system of the childcare settings, establish the new orientation and new model of the construction of the quality evaluation index system and further deepen the research and practice of the quality evaluation of the childcare settings. Therefore, this study, based on the pursuit of value orientation and structural elements, starts from the policy requirements, academic exploration and practical demands, and comprehensively adopts text analysis method, expert consultation method and social investigation method to sort out and analyze the relevant policy texts and literature materials in the construction of quality evaluation index system of domestic and foreign childcare settings. Interviews were carried out with administrative officers, principals and staff of childcare settings, and experts in related fields; On-the-spot observation and investigation were conducted in childcare settings. Meanwhile, using UCINET 6.0 and MXAQDA Plus12 qualitative analysis software, the text data were visualized and analyzed; SPSS 25.0, STATA 15 quantitative analysis software, project analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis and other methods were conducted to process the survey data. Finally, this study puts forward the construction idea and theoretical model of quality evaluation index system of childcare settings, and forms corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The main research results are as follows: 

      First, the value orientation of the construction of the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings. Value orientation is the guiding light and soul of the construction of quality evaluation index system of childcare settings. In the construction of quality evaluation index system of childcare settings, humanistic care should be its intrinsic value. However, there exists alienation and disorder of humanistic care in the quality evaluation of childcare settings, which is manifested as the excessive pursuit of "price to value" under the utilitarianism orientation. Quality evaluation exogenous is obvious, becoming a kind of imported goods; Modern technology is growing so rapidly that there is a danger of means superseding ends. Therefore, it is urgent to introduce multiple interest subjects and arouse humanistic concern in the construction of quality evaluation index system of childcare settings. On this basis, this study fully absorb the dominant direction of the requirements of the quality policy, on behalf of the professional quality of the academic exploration and practice of the practice of the quality of service demands, to seek a third party interest subjects respectively for childcare settings quality evaluation index system construction of the value of the expression, and from the position of a evaluation of one-way dominated with the coexistence of pluralistic value demand. The possibility of coordinating the value orientation of different interest subjects is proposed from the perspective of evaluating the pluralism of participants and exploring the value consensus. Finally, the consensus of children's stand and value orientation in the construction of the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings was established. 

      Second, the structural elements of the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings. Structural elements are the baton for the construction of quality evaluation index system of childcare settings, which directly guide the implementation and implementation of quality evaluation of childcare settings. For the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings, it is necessary not only to be guided by clear value orientation, but also to develop technical structure elements to realize the standardization of evaluation, avoid falling into the misunderstanding of "idealism", and promote the evaluation from theoretical construction to evaluation practice. Therefore, under the guidance of humanistic care value orientation, based on policy requirements, academic exploration and practical demands, this study firstly sorted out the exploration experience of structural elements in the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings, so as to have a more comprehensive understanding of the core dimensions and indicators that should be included in the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings. Then, the structural elements of the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings are integrated based on the principles of consistent goal, comprehensive system, operational and comparability. Finally, the administrative personnel, experts and scholars as well as the practice personnel of nursing care settings were consulted, and on this basis, the structural elements of the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings were preliminary developed. 

      Third, the integration and construction of the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings. Humanity and technology, as two indispensable wings of the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings, together constitute the deep structure of the system. The dual nature of evaluation, the logical connection between humanity and technology, and the regulation and limitation of humanity to the pursuit of technology provide the possibility for the integration of humanity and technology in the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings. Therefore, it is urgent to promote the reorientation and integration of humanistic value orientation and technical structure elements in the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings through the thinking of co-existence and harmony. On this basis, this study puts forward a G-TPS model, which is based on a common goal, covering two kinds of thinking, three kinds of power and four steps, to evaluate the quality of childcare settings. Secondly, based on the above discussion on the value orientation and structural elements in the construction of the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings, the "blueprint" for the integration of the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings is summarized, which covers the target layer, the principle layer and the index layer. 

      Fourthly, the practice and verification of the construction of quality evaluation index system of childcare settings. In order to verify the childcare quality evaluation index system in practice application of Beijing. In this study, for example, one is to validate the adaptation problem of the evaluation index system through the project analysis and inspection on the applicability, reliability and validity of weed out weak correlation or measure of the degree of differentiation is not strong to determine the index system of reliability and internal validity; Two is responding to children's position, through the various quality indexes for infants and toddlers’ learning quality, social and emotional development, language development, action and the healthy development of the influence of linear regression analysis, try to identify the can core sensitivity quality indicators, to promote the development of children for the whole childcare settings which provides the basis for the improvement of the quality evaluation index system. Finally, a hierarchical tree topological index structure was formed, covering 18 indicators including physical space and facilities, health care and daily care, responsive care and support, cooperation with parents and communities, and personnel management and development. 

      Fifthly, based on the above research, this study discusses the construction of quality evaluation index system of childcare settings and tries to put forward relevant policy suggestions. First of all, the basic position, value orientation and practice transformation of the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings are discussed comprehensively around the direction of evaluation, the need for evaluation and the possibility of evaluation. Secondly, on the construction of the quality evaluation index system of childcare settings, based on the empirical research conclusions, the appropriate remedy to the case. This study focuses on the establishment of humanistic care and the inclusion of multiple value subjects; Adhere to the child-oriented, and actively play the role of evaluation to promote construction; To strengthen the top-level design and provide corresponding policy suggestions for the establishment and implementation of the quality assessment index system of child care settings.