当今，科技创新已成为衡量国家综合国力和国际竞争力的核心指标，随着科技革命和产业变革的加速，新经济领域和竞争赛道不断涌现。为实现高水平科技自立自强，需构建以企业为主体、产学研深度融合的创新体系，涵盖科技创新、产业创新和体制机制创新，促进科技与产业持续进步。在数字化技术引领下，高等教育面临融合与重塑的挑战。教育部发布的《关于加强高校有组织科研推动高水平自立自强的若干意见》明确了高校科研方向，强调需求导向和问题导向，支持经济社会发展，满足国家战略需求。高校作为基础研究主力军，特别是高水平研究型大学，需结合科技、人才和创新，为科技自立自强和国家繁荣做出重要贡献。

新时代人才工作方略凸显国际人才重要地位，体现对全球人才的重视。然而，据2023年经济合作与发展组织（OECD）的报告，2020年之前，中国成功吸引了大量国际学生，其入学率的持续增长对经济增长起到了推动作用。但是随着新冠疫情的全球爆发及相关政策和签证限制的实施，这种上升趋势突然中断，这一变化进一步揭示了全球人才流动格局的调整，以及中国在全球人才竞争中的新挑战。

人才是推动国家创新发展的重要源泉。过去关于国际人才流动对高校创新能力的影响及其机制研究还比较欠缺和匮乏，对于国际人才流动的研究偏重于发达国家或者宏观影响，缺乏微观视角和高校平台的影响效应研究。本研究立足高校视角，探索高校国际人才流入对于科研创新能力的效应。本文以“排头兵”高校，即中国教育部直属高校为研究对象，采用了多种研究方法，包括文献综述法、系统工程法、主成分分析法、描述性统计分析法和实证研究法，对国际人才流入与中国高校科研创新能力的关系进行了深入研究。首先，通过文献综述法梳理了相关领域的学术文献和政策文件，提炼出国际人才流入促进高校科研创新的理论机制。然后，利用系统工程法构建了两个核心变量的指标体系。接下来，通过主成分分析法进行降维和确定权重，计算两者的综合得分。描述性统计分析法则用于分析教育部直属高校国际人才流入的现状和特点。最后，实证研究法被用于验证国际人才流入对高校科研创新能力的影响，量化影响程度，并验证理论机制的实际效果。

本研究基于2002-2020年中国60所教育部直属高校层面的面板数据进行了实证分析，研究发现:（1）国际人才流入能够显著促进高校科研创新能力的提升，这一结果在经过一系列的稳健性检验之后依然成立。（2）这个影响主要可以通过研发投入效应、人力资本效应和知识溢出效应三个渠道，显著提升高校的科研创新能力。（3）从不同区位的高校来看，国际人才流入对高校科研创新能力提升所发挥的作用程度不同，东部沿海省份高校的促进作用较中西部内陆省份高校更显著。从不同高校定位来看，国际人才流入在“一流大学建设”和“一流学科建设”的高校中的促进作用也存在一定差异性，对“一流学科建设”高校的促进作用更明显。从建校年限来看，国际人才对于“百年高校”和“非百年高校”的科研创新能力影响作用存在一定差异，对“百年高校”的影响作用更大。（4）本文除了滞后解释变量进行双向因果问题的缓解，还通过构建“偏离-份额”的工具变量进一步缓解了内生性问题。并根据对实证结果的理解，结合时代要求，对于国际人才引进，从而促进我国高校的科研创新能力提升提供了可行的建议。

Nowadays, technological innovation has become a core indicator for measuring a country's comprehensive national strength and international competitiveness. With the acceleration of technological revolution and industrial transformation, new economic fields and competitive tracks continue to emerge. To achieve high-level technological self-reliance and self-improvement, it is necessary to build an innovation system with enterprises as the main body and deep integration of industry, academia, and research, covering technological innovation, industrial innovation, and institutional mechanism innovation, and promoting sustained progress in science and technology and industry. Under the guidance of digital technology, higher education faces the challenge of integration and reshaping. The Ministry of Education has issued several opinions on strengthening organized scientific research in universities to promote high-level self-reliance and self-improvement, which clarifies the direction of scientific research in universities, emphasizes demand orientation and problem orientation, supports economic and social development, and meets national strategic needs. As the main force of basic research, especially high-level research-oriented universities, universities need to combine technology, talent, and innovation to make important contributions to technological self-reliance and national prosperity.

The new era talent work strategy highlights the important position of international talents and reflects the importance placed on global talents. However, according to a report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2023, China had successfully attracted a large number of international students before 2020, and the sustained growth of its enrollment rate had a driving effect on economic growth. However, with the global outbreak of the COVID-19 and the implementation of relevant policies and visa restrictions, this upward trend suddenly stopped. This change further revealed the adjustment of the global talent flow pattern and China's new challenges in the global talent competition.

Talents are an important source of promoting national innovation and development. In the past, research on the impact and mechanism of international talent mobility on innovation capabilities of universities was relatively lacking and lacking. Research on international talent mobility focused on developed countries or macro impacts, lacking a micro perspective and research on the impact effects of university platforms. This study is based on the perspective of universities and explores the effect of international talent influx on research and innovation capabilities. This article focuses on the "vanguard" universities, namely universities directly under the Ministry of Education of China, and adopts various research methods, including literature review, system engineering, principal component analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, and empirical research, to conduct in-depth research on the relationship between international talent inflows and the scientific research and innovation capabilities of Chinese universities. Firstly, the academic literature and policy documents in the relevant field were sorted out through literature review, and the theoretical mechanism of international talent influx promoting scientific research innovation in universities was extracted. Then, using the system engineering method, an indicator system for two core variables was constructed. Next, use principal component analysis to reduce dimensionality and determine weights, and calculate the comprehensive score of both. The descriptive statistical analysis method is used to analyze the current situation and characteristics of international talent inflow in universities directly under the Ministry of Education. Finally, empirical research methods were used to verify the impact of international talent inflows on the research and innovation capabilities of universities, quantify the degree of impact, and verify the actual effectiveness of theoretical mechanisms.

This study conducted empirical analysis based on panel data from 60 universities directly under the Ministry of Education in China from 2002 to 2020. The study found that: (1) International talent influx can significantly promote the improvement of scientific research and innovation capabilities in universities, and this result still holds after a series of robustness tests. (2) This impact can be significantly enhanced through three channels: R&D investment effect, human capital effect, and knowledge spillover effect, to enhance the research and innovation capabilities of universities. (3) From the perspective of universities in different locations, the impact of international talent influx on the improvement of scientific research and innovation capabilities of universities varies, with universities in eastern coastal provinces having a more significant promoting effect than those in central and western inland provinces. From the perspective of different university positioning, there are certain differences in the promotion effect of international talent inflow in the construction of "first-class universities" and "first-class disciplines", and the promotion effect on "first-class discipline construction" universities is more obvious. From the perspective of the years of establishment, there is a certain difference in the impact of international talents on the research and innovation capabilities of "century old universities" and "non century old universities", with a greater impact on "century old universities". (4) This article not only alleviates the bidirectional causal problem with lagged explanatory variables, but also further alleviates endogeneity problems by constructing instrumental variables of "deviation share". Based on the understanding of the empirical results and the requirements of the times, feasible suggestions have been provided for the introduction of international talents to promote the improvement of scientific research and innovation capabilities in Chinese universities.