微课（Microlecture）是按照一定的设计与制作标准，以视频为主要载体呈现的，将知识点（重点、难点、疑点、热点）通过一定的节奏与形式进行互联网传播的学习资源包。微课作为新兴的教学手段，自引入我国后越来越受重视并已成为传统课堂学习的重要补充和拓展。尤其是疫情期间，微课与直播课堂对教师远程教学发挥了极大作用，也促使了众多学者和教师研究开发微课。但微课的体系、质量、配套资源开发等仍有许多问题尚待研究。

初中自然地理知识内容多，且知识性强，难点较多，因此可借助微课的优点有效解决地传统地理教学中的一些问题，帮助学生在初中的学习中进行碎片化系统学习，多维度地理解地理知识重难点。

本文以初中自然地理教学微课为研究对象，通过文献研究，从微课基础概念探讨、微课设计、微课开发、微课应用、微课评价五个方面对研究现状进行了总结。对微课设计理论基础和基本原则进行梳理，对微课设计的要素进行分析，归纳了初中自然地理一般教学模式，并探讨了微课对于自然地理教学的优化。对微课资源开发的各个步骤进行详细分解，并面向当地初中自然地理教学实际需求，开发了《地图三要素》、《世界的海陆分布》、《等高线地形图》、《海陆变迁》四套完整的微课案例以及相配套的微课资源。最终通过进行设计和学习效果两方面的评价来对应用进行了详细分析。

According to certain and production standards, Microlecture presents the knowledge points (key points, difficulties, doubts and hot spots) with designed video and is transmitted on the Internet through a certain rhythm and form. As a new teaching method, microlecture has been paid more and more attention since it was introduced into China and it has become an important supplement and expansion of traditional classroom learning. Especially during the COVID-19, microlectures and live classroom played a great role in distance teaching. This also prompted many scholars and teachers to research and develop microlecture. However, there are still many issues to be studied in the system, quality and development of supporting resources.

The physical geography in Junior high school is characterized by massive in contents, specialized in knowledge, and more difficulties. Therefore, we can employ microlecture to effectively overcome some shortages of traditional geography teaching. The advantages of microlecture could help the students in junior high school learning the fragmented geographical knowledge systematacially, and understanding the key and difficult points of geographical knowledge in multi-dimensional.

 In this paper, microlecture teaching for physical geography in junior high school is researched. The literature review on microlecture is made in five aspects of the basic concept, design, development, application, and evaluation. This paper summarized the theoretical basis and basic principles of microlecture design, analyzed the elements of microlecture design, summarized the general microlecture teaching mode of physical geography in junior high school, and discussed the optimization of microlecture for physical geography teaching. Facing the needs of physical geography teaching in local junior high school, four sets of microlecture cases and corresponding resources have been developed in this paper, including "three elements of map", " distribution of the oceans and lands in the world", "contour map", "Evolution of ocean and land". The application of microlecture is evaluated and analyzed from the perspective of design and learning effect.