本文对比分析2013-2016年北京上海两市数学知识应用竞赛在竞赛目的、参赛对象、竞赛形式、评奖方式、参考资料、试题数量、试题内容、命题特点八个方面上的异同。 结果表明：在基本情况上，北京上海两市竞赛目的相同；参赛者年级相同，但北京市参赛者省份分布更广；初赛、决赛形式相同，但北京市小论文比赛限制参赛者身份和合作撰写论文人数；小论文比赛评奖方式相同，但北京市决赛评奖方式更复杂；上海市竞赛指定的参考资料更多。在试题数量上，上海市初赛、决赛试题数量均多于北京市，且上海市初赛、决赛试题数量差异比北京市明显。在试题内容上，北京上海两市竞赛均涉及函数、平面几何、立体几何、概率统计、排列组合和高等数学知识；函数知识是北京上海两市竞赛主要的考察内容；高等数学知识在上海市竞赛中占有重要地位，但在北京市初赛、决赛中表现不一；此外，其他知识仅在北京市竞赛中出现，上海市竞赛不涉及这一知识类别。在命题特点上，北京上海两市竞赛试题均与以往竞赛试题有联系，但北京市竞赛与实际生产生活的联系更密切，涉及的学科知识种类更多，试题的答案更具开放性。 结合研究结论，希望数学知识应用竞赛的参赛者在赛前多关注生产生活实际，从身边发现可研究的问题，并系统地学习和实践数学建模的步骤。

This article compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between 2013-2016 Beijing and Shanghai competition on applying mathematical knowledge in the eight aspects of the purpose of competition, contestants, the form of competition, the method of awarding prizes, reference materials, the number of questions, the content of questions, and propositional features. The results show that in the basic situation, Beijing and Shanghai have the same purpose of competition; the contestants are of the same grade, but the provinces of the contestants in Beijing are more widely distributed; the form of preliminary and final contest are the same, but the essay competition in Beijing restricts the identity of the participants and the number of co-authored papers; the method of awarding prizes for the essay competition is the same, but the method of awarding final contest in Beijing is more complex; there are more reference materials in the Shanghai.The number of questions in Shanghai's preliminary and final contest is more than that in Beijing, and the difference in the number of preliminary and final contest in Shanghai is more obvious than that in Beijing. In the content of the questions, the competitions in Beijing and Shanghai both involve the knowledge of function, plane geometry, solid geometry, probability statistics, permutation and combination and advanced mathematics; function knowledge is the main checking contents of the two competitions; advanced mathematics knowledge plays an important role in Shanghai competition, but it performs differently in the Beijing preliminary and final contest; in addition, other knowledge only appears in Beijing competition, and the Shanghai competition does not involve it. In terms of propositional features, questions in Beijing and Shanghai are related to previous competition questions, however, the competition in Beijing is more closely related to actual production and life, the types of subject knowledge involved are more and the answers to the questions are more open. Based on the research conclusions, it is hoped that contestants of competition on applying mathematical knowledge can pay more attention to the actual production and life, discover problems that can be studied from around, and systematically study and practice a series steps of mathematical modeling.