20世纪60年代推出的“肯定性行动（Affirmative Action）”是美国社会和政府为了促进种族平等而进行的补偿性措施。美国一直被公认为“民族大熔炉”的典型，多民族的历史背景和复杂的社会现实使种族问题是一直困扰美国的问题。巴基案导致了种族录取上的改革，它把学术指标和个性化审查相结合。大多数录取官员都相信巴基案使得种族录取合法化而非改变它。为了克服种族主义，不得不先把种族纳入考虑；为了平等对待人们，不得不差异对待他们。这一论断成为支持补偿性优惠待遇的名言。本文通过巴基案诉讼过程及巴基案判决引起的相关争议来探讨美国公立大学录取政策中的种族优惠录取政策和多样化原理等问题。加州大学戴维斯分校医学院因实行预留名额给少数族裔的种族优惠录取政策而引发了巴基案，本文主要介绍了美国社会20世纪60年代推行肯定性行动及高等教育领域里实行种族优惠录取政策的背景，由于肯定性行动计划本身充满很大的争议性，各校实行该计划的具体措施也不尽相同，由此而引起的教育领域的司法案件不计其数。巴基案作为美国高等教育领域里的关于肯定性行动的第一案，其整个审理过程及案件本身的争议在社会上引起广泛关注。巴基案决议首次确立了为实现学生群体多样化和校园文化多元化的多样化原理，该决议成为其后美国公立大学实行种族优惠录取政策普遍援引的宪法判例，多样化原理也成为美国公立大学实现学生群体和校园多样化的重要依据。种族优惠录取政策面临的209提案危机和巴基案后续案件的争议等问题预示着种族优惠录取政策已然成了需要“严密裁制”的审慎决策，多样化原理依然是美国公立大学为自己辩护的正当理由，虽然种族优惠录取政策的争议性至今尚未得到解决，但其存在仍然是现实且必要的。

In order to promote racial equality, American government put forward the Affirmative Action during the 1960s. American has always been as the representative melting pot and the racial problem has also puzzled the country under the background of the multiple-ethnic as well as the complex social reality. Bakke led to a revolution on preferential admission because of combining the academic indicators and individual reviews. Most of admission officials believed that Bakke legalized preferential admission instead of changing it. We have to firstly take race into account to overcome racialism; And in order to treatment everyone equality, we have to treat them differently, these two sentences became a quote in supporting the compensatory preferential treatment. This research mainly explores the based-race admissions policies of American Public Universities, the future life of preferential admission policies through the Bakke and its issues. The Medical School of the University of California at Davis used “Set-aside” System with following the Bakke. In this paper, I mainly introduce the Affirmative Action during the 1960s and some undergrounds of the preferential admission policies in American higher education. Since the controversial arguments about Affirmative action, so the definite plans are significantly different from others university and then judicial cases in educational field came into being in flocks. As the first case accepted by the United States Supreme Court in education, the entire trial and endless disputes of the Bakke were high-profile in American society. Bakke firstly established the diversity theory for the educational compelling benefit, and then the theory became a justification and important evidence used by American public universities for attaining the student groups diversity and the campus cultural diversity. What the preferential admission policy faced in Proposition 209 and following issues shows it has became a “narrowly tailored” decision when American public universities justify their diversity theory. This policy is still realistic and necessary today and in the future although its controversial issues have been unsettled yet.