生态马克思主义的概念存在争议。本文认为，生态马克思主义产生于20世纪六七十年代，是欧美的马克思主义者运用马克思主义的基本原理及其批判功能，结合现代生态学、系统论、未来学、绿色意识形态等而创立的一种新的马克思主义哲学形态或理论思想，也是一种以投身生态运动和绿色政治运动、推动实现生态社会主义目标为己任的实践活动。站在唯物史观的立场，本文从四个方面对生态马克思主义进行探讨。第一部分，“从生态主义到生态马克思主义”。在生态主义运动与绿色政治运动的演化过程中，形成了大量的理论研究成果，其中，生态经济学和生态政治学的思想理论观点，为生态马克思主义的形成与建构提供了重要的思想资源和广阔的理论视野。第二部分，“生态马克思主义的建构与西方马克思主义哲学路向的转变”。主要讨论西方马克思主义与生态马克思主义之间的关系。认为西方马克思主义在结构上与政治实践相脱离，把马克思对资本主义批判的理论重点从政治经济学和国家转向了文化、哲学和艺术。而继承法兰克福学派批判传统的威廉•莱斯和本•阿格尔则把研究的目光转向了批判发达资本主义国家中的社会问题，由此开创了与西方马克思主义既相互补充又各自独立的一种新的马克思主义理论形态——生态马克思主义。第三部分，“生态马克思主义的资本主义批判”。生态马克思主义者运用马克思主义的基本原理，从资本主义生产方式对生产条件的破坏和资本主义生态殖民等方面对资本主义进行深刻批判，揭示资本主义制度具有“不可持续性”。主张用生态社会主义替代资本主义。第四部分，“生态马克思主义对马克思主义的补充与挖掘”。阐述生态马克思主义的“理论空场派”和“理论先驱派”的主要观点。前者认为，马克思主义理论具有强烈的人类中心主义指向，缺乏生态思想维度，需要补充和发展；后者主张，马克思恩格斯是最早的生态社会主义者，是生态学和生态主义的理论先驱。应当“回到马克思”，回归马克思主义的经典论著，深入细致地挖掘和梳理马克思主义原著经典中蕴涵的生态思想。本文认为，该两派理论突出的缺陷就是对“自然”的过度推崇；主张用“马克思的实践本体论”对其进行矫正和纠偏，即消除威胁人类生存的生态问题，必须把解决问题的重点转向人类的实践方式和实践内容。

As a new form of Marxist philosophy, Ecological Marxism emerged in the 1970s and was created by the European and American Marxists, who combine the basic principles of Marxism and its critical functions with the ecology, system theory, futurology and green ideology. Ecological Marxism is also a practical activity with the task of ecological and green political movements.Ecological Marxism is explored in this thesis as the following four parts from the perspective of historical materialism:The first part is “from the Ecologism to the Ecological Marxism”. There are lots of theoretical research findings from the evolution of ecological and green political movements. Ecological economics and ecological politics are important theories among them which provided important ideology resources and wide theoretical horizons for the establishment of Ecological Marxism.The second part is “the construction of Ecological Marxism and the transformation of Western Marxism philosophy”. The relationship between Western Marxism and ecological Marxism is explored. Western Marxism is thought to depart from the political practice and transfer their critique focus from political economics and country to culture, philosophy and art. William Leiss and Ben Agger inherited the critical tradition of Frankfurt School and criticized the social problems in the developed capitalist countries. Thus they created the Ecological Marxism which is complement to and separate from Western Marxism.The third part is “the capitalist critics of Ecological Marxism”. The capitalism is criticized as “unsustainability” with the basic principle of Marxism and ecological socialism is advocated to replace capitalism.The fourth part is “the complement and rediscovery of Marxism by Ecological Marxism”.There are two schools in the Ecological Marxism: Theory Empty field and Theory Pioneer. The former thinks Marxism with strong anthropocentrism and little ecological ideology which need supplement and development. The latter thinks Marx and Engels as the earliest ecological socialist and theoretical pioneers in ecology and ecologism and claimed that we should go back to Marx and Marxism classics to rediscover the ecological thoughts. The main drawback of the two schools is the worship of “nature” which is required to be rectified and readjusted with Marx’s practical Ontology to eliminate the ecological problems.