研究目的：我国已进入老龄社会，老年人往往比其他人群更容易暴露于贫困的风险。在我国实现全面脱贫的背景下，相对贫困将成为老年人面临的主要贫困风险。本研究基于稀缺理论和压力过程理论，探讨老年人主观评价的相对贫困与认知减退的发生风险，并在此基础上，进一步检验心理弹性的中介效应。

研究方法：利用2018年中国老龄健康影响因素追踪调查数据(2018CLHLS)，以14064名65岁及以上老年人群为研究对象，使用MMSE量表测量老年人的认知功能状况，自报相对于当地收入情况衡量老年人相对贫困，基于CD-RISC量表与问卷相关问题测量心理弹性。通过使用描述性统计分析、相关分析、回归分析方法开展主效应分析，使用偏差矫正的参数Bootstrap法进行心理弹性的中介检验。

研究结果：通过相关分析，发现主观相对贫困、老年人认知功能得分与心理弹性存在显著关系；通过回归分析发现，在未纳入控制变量时，老年人的主观相对贫困与认知功能障碍存在正相关(t=6.81，p<0.001)，纳入控制变量后，依然存在正相关(t=5.62，p<0.001);未纳入控制变量时，心理弹性与认知功能障碍呈现负相关(t=-23.85，p<0.001)，纳入控制变量后，依然存在负相关(t=-13.37，p<0.001)；在未纳入控制变量时，老年人的主观相对贫困与心理弹性呈现负相关(t=-29.25，p<0.001)，纳入控制变量后，依然存在负相关(t=-20.79，p<0.001)；通过中介效应检验发现，心理弹性在老年人的主观相对贫困与认知功能障碍之间起部分中介作用，中介效应占总效应之比为20.25%。

因此，笔者从社会工作视角出发,立足于主观贫困的老年人,以稀缺理论和压力过程理论为基础,从政府、社区、学校、市场、家庭、邻居、朋友、个人等多个角度，对主观贫困老人的心理弹性的增强提出具体的对策建议，社会工作者通过提供社交活动、身体锻炼、心理支持、资源链接、文化促进、风险评估等服务，对老年人的主观相对贫困和心理弹性进行积极的干预，改善老年人的精神健康，以期为主观贫困的老人建构完善的社会支持网络，增强心理弹性，对于降低认知功能障碍的发生，有着重要的意义。

Background: As China is entering an elderly society, older adults are often more exposed to the risk of poverty than other populations. With the achievement of comprehensive poverty reduction in China, subjective relative poverty will become the main poverty risk faced by older adults. This study aims to explore the risk of cognitive function impairment caused by subjective relative poverty among older adults, and further test the mediation effect of psychological resilience based on the scarcity theory and the stress process theory.

Methods: Based on the conditions，this study uses the data collected through the "China Longitudinal Health and Aging Longitudinal Study (CLHLS) 2018" which focuses on a sample of 14,064 older adults aged 65 and above. The MMSE scale is used to measure the cognitive function of older adults, and the subjective relative poverty is measured by self-report relative to local income. Psychological resilience is measured based on the CD-RISC scale and questionnaire-based questions. Using descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to explore the main effects analysis, and the bias-corrected parametric Bootstrap method is used to conduct the mediation test for psychological resilience

Results: The correlation analysis reveals a significant relationship between subjective relative poverty, cognitive functioning scores of older adults and psychological resilience. The regression analysis finds that, without the control variables, subjective relative poverty of older adults is positively associated with cognitive function impairment (t=6.81, p<0.001), also within the control variables, there was still a positive correlation (t=5.62, p<0.001). When control variables were not included, psychological resilience was negatively associated with cognitive function impairment (t=-23.85, p<0.001), and when control variables were included, there was still a negative correlation (t=-13.37, p<0.001). When control variables are not included, subjective relative poverty of older adults is negatively associated with psychological resilience (t=-29.25, p<0.001), and when control variables are included, there is still a negatively correlation (t=-20.79, p<0.001).The mediating effect test shows that psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between relative poverty in charge and cognitive impairment in older adults, with the ratio of the mediating effect to the total effect being 20.25%.

Therefore, from a perspective of social work, the author proposed specific strategies based on the theory of scarcity and the process of stress, from multiple angles such as government, community, school, market, family, neighbors, friends, and individuals, to enhance the psychological resilience of subjectively poor elderly people. Through the provision of social activities, physical exercise, psychological support, resource links, cultural promotion, and risk assessment services, social workers actively intervened in the subjective relative poverty and psychological resilience of the elderly, improving their mental health, and attempting to construct a perfect social support network for subjectively poor elderly people, which has important significance for reducing the occurrence of cognitive impairment.