西方哲学中，从苏格拉底“认识你自己”开始，哲学的目光就从探究外在的宇宙奥秘转回到人自身，尽管中世纪时期，哲学曾经沦为神学的婢女，但是，哲学对“神圣”的拷问还是为了确证人生命的终极意义；分析哲学、语言哲学等等所谓的哲学转向，说到底不过是将人类社会中的某一个或者多个方面加以放大，究其根本，哲学从来没离开过人来立论驳诘。纵观整个西方思想史，理性主义在唱主角，对于人的情感方面，则往往是要么将其作为理性的对立面加以批判，要么将其只放在道德的层面上论述，直到康德哲学将“认知理性”（理论理性）和“实践理性”划分了界限，才终于给了情感一个适当的位置，但是，对情感的分析依然被限定在心理学的范围内，因为其经验的性质而被康德拒绝准入哲学的大门。事实上，在先民那里，情感与理性是紧紧缠绕在一起的；伴随着生产力的发展，理性日益发展起来，并随着对自身与世界的认知而逐渐与情感走向分离，并日益占据了思想史的主色调，而情感，这个理性的诞生地，从最初的主导地位退隐下来后，以一条暗线的方式，促进、推动理性的发展。在传统社会中，生产力水平虽然不断提高，但是其提高的进程总体上是平稳而缓慢的，又由于农耕生产方式的限制与信息沟通渠道的欠缺，在传统社会中，人们的生活基本上是稳定在一个大致封闭的范围内，不同地域之间的交往相对比较少。传统社会的生产与生活方式决定了人们对情感的态度。在早期人类中，对自然力量的敬畏衍生出各种神话传说，随着人类自身力量的增强，神话传说中逐渐被加进去英雄的故事，人与神的不同在于一个是有死的，一个是不朽的，但是二者有着一个关键的共同点，那就是不管是人，还是神，都是有情感的，是充满激情的，理性并非不存在，但是在先民那里，激情、欲望的冲动往往高于理性的规范。随着社会的发展，人类的理性不断提高其在精神生活中的地位，尤其是从古希腊哲学诞生以来，理性生活成为一种高尚生活的典范，情感被当作追求灵魂净化的绊脚石，成为被理性批判的对象。尽管在古希腊时期，有不少思想家都不同程度地重视情感的作用，但是，从根本上，西方思想的理性主义根子已经隐隐成型了。传统社会中的情感通过信仰展示出来，信仰是一种非常强烈的情感，西方中世纪是信仰的世界，但是，对上帝的论证反过来使人的理性逐渐彰显开来，经过文艺复兴运动，理性成为人谋求独立、自由的最核心思想武器，尤其是西方科技的发展，生产力的提高和物质财富的增加，是理性力量的确证，人类的生产方式和生活方式发生了根本的变化。工业革命宣告了传统社会向现代社会的转变。与传统社会截然不同的是，现代社会的生产方式是机器大生产，这种生产方式要求人们尊重规范，遵守规程，一切活动都按照效益和利益最大化的原则来安排。理性原则，尤其是算计的工具理性逐渐成为工业生产的主导原则。在人们的社会生活中，原有的田园牧歌般的闲散的生活方式发生了根本的变化，农业退居二位，工业成为社会生产的主导，而原来的农民，也由于失去土地，进入城市，成为靠出卖劳动力为生的产业工人。城市生活中的人们是彼此的陌生人，他们的生活所遵循的也不再是传统社会中惯有的习俗、惯例以及自然情感，而是将彼此的关系，首先设定为对立的生产力竞争者，至少是彼此不相干的“他者”。“原子化”的个人的生活可以脱离族群而独立，传统的情感逐渐发生变化，疏离、孤独、紧张和焦躁不安逐渐成为现代工业社会中，主要是城市生活中最突出的情感类型。理性并不必然压制情感，而是由于理性的僭妄，使得人们不得不将传统的情感抛诸脑后，从而才能够在激烈的竞争中生存下来。进入后工业社会，物质生产的手段日益强大，人们的社会生活水平越来越高，但是，人们的精神家园依然由于工具理性的主导作用而恍然若失。现代化的生活逐渐让人们习惯于欣赏各种媒体中表达出来的情感，无论是报纸、广播，电视还是互联网，人们听到看到的往往是一些大体相同的东西，“快乐着你的快乐，悲伤着你的悲伤”，人们的情感越来越表现出“同质化”倾向，而追求独立与个性的现代人却无法接受这一切，由此导致情感与理性发生了尤其激烈的冲突。如果说进入现代社会之初的非理性主义对理性主义的批判是对传统社会温馨情感的脉脉“乡愁”，那么，后工业社会，面对这些制造出来的“后情感”状况，非理性主义对理性的批判则带着明显的试图超越理性与情感二元对立之传统界限的色彩。中国正在走向现代化的进程中，我们必须充分借鉴西方社会现代化进程中理性主义的悖谬，一方面，在中国要充分实现理性化，尽可能吸收西方的现代科技与管理经验，极大地推进中国生产力的发展和社会的进步；另一方面，又要考虑到中国的国情，在批判的基础上，尽量发挥中国传统文化中重情尚义的传统，使我们的社会发展沿着高效、稳妥和持续的路子，既合情，又合理，力争尽快创建一个和谐发展的社会。本文从情感和理性的关系入手，通过情感自身的发展脉络，尤其考察了情感在传统社会和现代社会中的不同境遇，分析了现代社会中人的生存困境及其内在根源，结合我们当前所面对的社会发展状况，提出我们该如何以中国传统文化中的情感智慧，来消解现代化的负面冲击，实现情感与理性的有机结合，在人生意义、社会和谐和政治治理等方面提出相应的对策。

In western philosophy，since from Socrates’ " know thyself"， the sight of philosophy turns back to person himself from probing external universal profound mystery， though having fallen onto the slave girl of theology in Middle Ages， philosophic ponderation of " holy " is still for the ultimate meaning of the person life of conclusive evidence； Analyse philosophy and language philosophy and so on so called philosophical turning ， at bottom however， it is to enlarge a certain or many aspects in human society ， it is basic to study it， philosophy do not leave away from man to discuss and argue. Review entire western ideological history， reason doctrine the leading role， as to the emotion of person， it was either criticized as the counterpole of reason ， or discussed only on the layer surface in morals， up to Kantian’s differantiation " perseptive reason " ( theoretical reason ) from " practice reason "， emotions have been given a proper location at last， but the analysis for emotions had been limited still in the scope of psychology， and have been rejected by Kant because of the nature of experience. In fact， emotions and reason are twined tightly together in ancient； Accompany with the development of productivity， reason develops increasingly， and as being for self with world accept to know gradually with emotions trend split ， and the mass-tone that has occupied ideological history increasingly adjusts ， and emotions， this reason is born land， from initial leading position retreats， as a way of hiden line， promote and push forward the development of reason. In traditional societies， although the level of productivity rises continuously， but the process of improvement is generally smooth and slow， and， otherwise， because of the restriction of agriculrural production modes and the shortcoming of information communication channel， in traditional society ， the life of people basically is stabilized in one approximately enclosed scope and the social contact between different region is relatively small. The production of traditional society and lifestyle determine people's emotional attitudes. In the early humans， the fear of the forces of nature derived from a variety of myths and legends， with the increased power of human beings， myths and legends have been gradually added to the story of heros， the difference between man and God is that one is destined to die， and one is immortal， but both shares a crucial common point， that is， whether man or God， they all have emotions， full of passions， and reason is there， but in our ancestors， passion， the impulse of desire are often higher than the rational norms. Along with the development of society， human reason raises its position in cultural life continuously， when especially being born from ancient Greek philosophy， reason life becomes the model of a kind of noble life， feelings had been become as the obstacle of pursue soul purification by the object of reason criticism. Despite the period of ancient Greece， many thinkers have varying degrees of emphasis on the role of emotion， but， fundamentally， the root of Western thinking rationalism had a dim sense shape. In traditional society emotions displayed through faith， and faith is a kind of very strong emotions， the West is the world of faith in Middle Ages， but the demonstration for God makes the reason of person gradually clear conversely， thanks to the Renaissance movement， reason becomes the quest for independence， freedom， the core of ideological weapon， particularly in the development of Western science and technology， productivity gains and the increase in material wealth， is conclusive evidence of the power of reason， human modes of production and way of life has been a fundamental change. Industrial Revolution proclaimed the changes from the traditional society to the modern society. What is different with traditional society is that the production way of modern society is the modern industry ， and this mode of production needs people to respect norms， comply with rules， all activities are in accordance with the principles of efficiency and maximum benefit. Rational principles， in particular the calculation of the instrumental rationality has become the guiding principles of industrial production. In people's social life， the original idle idyllic way of life has been a fundamental change， agriculture is relegated， industry has become the dominant social production， while the farmers， due to loss of land， go into the cities， living by selling their labors to become industrial workers. The urban people are strangers to each other， while their lives are no longer followed by the traditional society accustomed to some customs， practices， and natural emotion， but to their relationship that has been proposed basicly as opposite competitors， or at least the "others" irrelevant to each other. The personal life of " atomization " can break away from Ethnic group independently， the traditional emotions change gradually， alienation， loneliness， tension and anxiety has become the most prominent type of emotion in modern industrial society， mainly in urban life. Rationality does not necessarily suppress the emotions， but because of the hubris of reason， people have to abandon the traditional emotions ， and thus be able to survive the fierce competition.After entering the post-industrial society， means of material productions are increasingly strengthened， people's living standards become higher and higher， but people's spiritual home is If loses suddenly due to the dominant of instrumental reason. Modern life gradually makes people get used to appreciat the emotions expressed in various media， whether in newspapers， radio， television or the Internet， people can often hear and see much the same thing， "happy with your happiness， sadness forward to your grief， "the people's sentiment is increasingly reflected in a" homogeneous "tendency， while the pursuit of independence and individuality of the modern man does not accept all of this， as the result， emotion and ration have had particularly intense conflict. If we say that the critique of irrationalism by the nonrationalism in early modern society is somewhat of a "Nostalgia" of the warm emotion in traditional society， then in post-industrial society， facing to those created "post-emotion"， irrationalist critique of reason has a clear attempt to surpass the traditional boundaries between reason and emotion.China is moving towards the process of modernization， we must fully use the rationalist fallacy in the process of western modernization as a source of reference. On the one hand， China has to fully achieve the rationalization and absorb modern technology and management experience as far as possible， which promote China's development of productivity and social progress greatly； the other hand， we should also take into account the national conditions of China， on the foundation of criticism， exert the Chinese traditional culture which emphasize the moral emotion to make our society develop efficiently， securely and sustainably， reasonable and fair， and strive to create a harmonious society as soon as possible.This paper starts with from the relation of emotions and reason， through the sequence of emotions’ development itself， especially have investigated emotions’ different circumstances in traditional social and modern society， have analysed its inner source and the survival difficult condition of person in modern society， combine the society that we face， suggest how we should clear up modern negative impact with the emotional wisdom in Chinese traditional culture， realize the organic combination of emotion and reason， and put forward the corresponding countermeasure in meaning of life ， society harmonious， and political administration etc.