轴辐合谋的反垄断法分析 摘 要 轴辐合谋是指各个轮辐经营者通过和轴心经营者之间的纵向协调，来实现与其他轮辐经营者间接的信息交换，从而达成的兼具纵向外观与横向效果的合谋。轴辐合谋的出现不仅可能破坏竞争秩序，还会对消费者的合法权益有所侵害，因此，该类合谋应受到反垄断法的规制。然而，我国《反垄断法》缺乏相关规定，这使得实践中涉及轴辐合谋的案例处理中出现了诸多不和谐之处。在互联网时代，网络基础设施的完善和技术的进步使得算法和人们生活的联系日益紧密。美国Uber反垄断案的出现，使得算法类合谋为人们所关注。算法的应用使得经营者之间的信息交流更为便利，轴辐合谋更容易达成，从而造成更严重的反竞争效果。因此，理论必须对此做出相应的回应，以提出规制轴辐合谋的有效路径。 本文按照“提出问题-分析问题-解决问题”的逻辑结构对轴辐合谋展开论述。 绪论为第一章，包括本文的选题意义、文献综述以及研究内容与方法。 第一部分包括第二章与第三章。第二章首先通过对典型案例的分析，提出了轴辐合谋这一现象，并对其内涵与表现进行分析，从而解决轴辐合谋“是什么”的问题，为后文分析轴辐合谋的法律困境奠定了基础。第三章对轴辐合谋的反垄断规制现状以及法律困境进行了分析：垄断协议二分的立法体例，缺乏对轴辐合谋的有效规定，而若参照理论观点对轴辐合谋进行认定，则会面临事实认定和违法性判断方面的困境。 第二部分对规制轴辐合谋法律困境产生的原因进行深入分析，包括立法理念的局限、技术的发展以及市场结构的复杂性等三个方面。 第三部分针对上述原因提出相应的改进措施，从立法理念的转变、技术发展的重视和竞争效果的衡量等思路着手改进，得出规制轴辐合谋的可行路径，以有效规制轴辐合谋，推进我国反垄断法的完善，维护合理的竞争秩序。 文末对规制轴辐合谋的完善建议进行总结，得出以下结论。 首先，在规则的建构方面，为更好地规制轴辐合谋，法律应该对其做出独立规定。其次，在对轴辐合谋进行具体认定时，为提高认定结果的准确性，执法机构应当关注技术的发展，适时地引入技术专家。最后，在对轴辐合谋进行违法性判断时，为维护竞争秩序，提升市场的创新活力，执法机构应当充分衡量轴辐合谋对社会总福利的影响，并且根据轴辐合谋中轴心经营者与轮辐经营者对合谋产生的作用及其对竞争产生的影响，确定其应具体承担的法律责任。

ANALYSIS OF HUB AND SPOKE CONSPIRACIES IN ANTIMONOPOLY LAW ABSTRACT Hub and spoke conspiracies refers to the conspiracies with vertical and horizontal effects through the indirect exchange of information between hub operators and spoke operators. Hub and spoke conspiracies may destroy the competition order and infringe the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Therefore, it should be regulated by antimonopoly law. In the Internet era, the improvement of network infrastructure and technological advances make algorithms and people's lives more and more closely linked. The emergence of the United States v. Apple Inc. case has attracted much attention in the algorithmic conspiracies. The application of the algorithm in economy makes it more convenient to achieve hub and spoke conspiracies which may result in greater anti-competitive effect. Relevant cases in practice make it necessary for theory to respond accordingly in order to effectively regulate hub and spoke conspiracies and maintain reasonable competition order. This paper expound the hub and spoke conspiracies in the light of logical structure of putting forward problems, analyzing problems and solving problems. The introduction part consists of the significance of the topic, literature review, research contents and methods. Chapters II and III constitute the first part of the article. In the second chapter, through the analysis of typical cases, the author puts forward the phenomenon of hub and spoke conspiracies and analyses the particularity of hub and spoke conspiracies. The present situation of regulation and the legal dilemma of hub and spoke conspiracies are elaborated in the third chapter. Under the legislative system of dichotomy of monopoly agreement, there is no specific regulation on hub and spoke conspiracies. If the current provisions on monopoly agreement are applied, the subject will not be qualified and the competition effect of hub and spoke conspiracies can not be evaluated completely. In addition, referring to the theoretical point of view, the analysis of the constituent elements of hub and spoke conspiracies will face the dilemma of fact determination and illegality judgment. The causes of the legal dilemma of the hub and spoke conspiracies are expatiate in the second part, including legislative concept, technology and market structure. The third part puts forward the corresponding improvement measures aiming at the above specific reasons, and draws the feasible path to regulate hub and spoke conspiracies in order to promote the perfection of China's anti-monopoly law and maintain a reasonable competition order. On the basis of the above discussion, the core points of the paper are summarized. Firstly, in terms of rule construction, in order to better regulate the hub and spoke conspiracies, the law should make independent provisions for it. Secondly, in the specific identification of hub and spoke conspiracies, in order to improve the accuracy of identification results, law enforcement agencies should pay attention to the development of technology and appropriately introduce technical experts. Finally, when judging the illegality of hub and spoke conspiracies, in order to enhance the innovation vitality of the market and maintain the competition order, law enforcement agencies should fully measure the impact of hub and spoke conspiracies on the total social welfare.