薄弱普通高中;公私合作;多元主体;改制政策

Ordinary high school transformation in China began from 1994 year. Its signature file is that the State Council issued the implementation of the "Chinese education reform and development compendium" in 1994. The "opinions" pointed out that it was to encourage basic education multi-channel reform. Public-private partnerships could be in ordinary high school stage in conditional place. Because with the continuous improvement of living standards, people demand for high quality education of ordinary high school is growing. In order to adapt to society high requirements to the ordinary high school education in the aspects of facilities, faculty and quality, and without changing public ownership of schools, part of the public schools will be transformed. Cleaning up the reformed high school began in 2006, which the earliest file issued by the Ministry of Education and other seven departments is on management education collects fees in disorder and standard education charge work implementation opinion in 2006 "(the Ministry of Education [2006] no.4).On grounds of management education collects fees in disorder, the Central Government and local governments began reformed high school reorganization and cleaned up Violation schools. Cleaning up the reform of high school across the country was started in 2011. The Base Teaching Second Department of the Ministry of Education issued “the specification notice about further clearing up the ordinary high schools reformed” (The Base Teaching Second Department of The Ministry of Education [2011] no. 7) and demanded to increase specification guidance and support about clearing up the public ordinary high schools reformed. It was needed to definite goals of clearing, the deadline and the specific measure ways, in order to ensure the achievement of the public and private classification of the reformed high school by the start of the fall of 2012. The main reasons of cleaning up the reformed high schools were that corruption problem, education fairness problem, the loss of state-owned assets, such as high fees, which had not been fully resolved. Although the reformed high school had been cleared, but leaves a lot of thinking: what is the purpose of restructuring? Why is the reformed high schools cleared now? The advantages and disadvantages of restructuring? Corruption, fairness problem, the loss of state-owned assets and high fees were the special issues of the reformed high schools? Clearing up all reformed school is ok? To define the reformed school, this article only refers to the two cases: one refers that the ownership of the school was not changed and the management of it had shift, running by the privatization only in the recruitment of students, recruitment and allocation of teachers, such as fees. Another is the original ownership of school had changed in the combination mode and operation mode, which refers to the new stock ordinary high school. "The transformation ordinary high school" refers to change in the operational mechanism and the ordinary high school of the independent campus buildings, the independent legal entity, the independent financial management, and the independent teaching management."The transformation of the ordinary high schools" in China is following the reform of the American charter school. The charter schools in the United States and Chinese "ordinary high school transformation" carry out the education strategy of the public-private partnership, especially in the process of the weak school reform. The education strategy of public-private partnership has become an international trend. Not only in developed countries such as Europe and the United States but also in many developing countries the strategy had been implemented in transforming the weak school. Not only in the weak public high school but in a private school had been implemented. Only because lower level finances of developing countries, the fewer to private school.The theory premise of public-private partnership of weak ordinary high school includes two: one is that the government's education management mode should be gradually the multiple body mode of education management public-private partnership include of "the government, civil society and market"; another is that the market should be appropriately interfered in ordinary high school. For ordinary high school education in our country does not belongs to the compulsory education, insufficient fund input, expanding of the people's demand for higher education quality of ordinary high school and the short supply of high quality education resources. The market intervention cannot become as an excuse to reduce the pressure of government finance. Through the investigation of the public-private policy of the weak high school at home and abroad, the effective implementation of the public-private partnership policy of weak ordinary high school need to have several conditions: First, the government clearly stands among the government, market and the school and positions its functions in the public-private partnership. The government cannot implement administrative monopoly, and not strongly infiltrate, but should adopt multiple body partnership administrative mode，that is to say, the government is just one of the multiple in the education multiple management mode. Second, the certain evaluation criteria of weak school should be set, including the level of the principal, the number of outstanding teachers, the proportion of backward students, infrastructure, and family income etc. Evaluation criteria must not be controlled by students` scores and the quantity of entrance famous university. Third, the government should enhance investment in weak ordinary high school. On the basis of the general budget, the government should allocate special funds. For weak ordinary high school less attractive to society. If the government does not enhance investment, the reform will be failed as before. Fourth, the government shall establish and perfect policies and regulations of public-private partnerships of multiple bodies, such as making The Education Law of The Public-Private Partnership, setting up the quality standards of weak high school, establishing financial security system and the bidding mechanism, perfecting the supervision system of public-private cooperation about education reform, etc. With the constant improvement of market economy in our country, the civil society will gradually develop and so do the education system reform, the public-private partnership policy of the weak ordinary high school is likely to become one of the policy in the future. But in ordinary high school education stage, the public-private partnership of the weak school is the supplement of the public education, the proportion cannot too high. Some scholars put forward to no more than 20%. Which can be reference to us.