在目前的全媒体时代中，网络暴力犯罪已经成为当下亟需解决的问题之一。 网络暴力犯罪是指行为人以网络为媒介，针对他人实施公开隐私、谩骂侮辱、造 谣诽谤等网络暴力，造成严重后果的社会现象。网络暴力犯罪的被害人通常承受 着巨大的心理压力，已经发生了不少被害人自杀的悲剧，网络暴力造成的严重后 果已经不亚于传统暴力犯罪。刘学州事件、粉头发女孩事件、杭州女子取快递被 造谣事件等均引起广泛的社会关注。2023 年 9 月，最高人民法院、最高人民检 察院、公安部联合印发《关于依法惩治网络暴力违法犯罪的指导意见》，体现了 国家对网络暴力违法犯罪的重视。在这种背景下，探讨网络暴力犯罪发生机制并 提出相应的预防对策就更加具有现实意义。网络暴力犯罪发生机制是指网络暴力 犯罪的产生来源和形成过程方面的原理，具体包括网络暴力犯罪的原因机制和网 络暴力犯罪的过程机制。这方面的探讨能让公众了解网络暴力犯罪的产生原因和 形成过程，在此基础上提出针对性预防措施，能为治理、防控网络暴力犯罪提供 有价值的参考。
  本文除了绪论和结语之外，主要包括四章:
第一章对网络暴力犯罪进行了详细的概述。本章共分为三节。第一节界定了 网络暴力犯罪的概念并对网络暴力犯罪进行了分类。首先，界定网络暴力的概念， 通过对学界已有学说的整理分析，认为“失范行为说”更加合适。然后，界定网 络暴力犯罪的概念，明确网络暴力犯罪是指行为人以网络为媒介，针对他人实施 公开隐私、谩骂侮辱、造谣诽谤等网络暴力，造成严重后果的社会现象。最后， 通过对已经发生的网络暴力犯罪进行梳理归纳，根据不同的行为方式，将其分为 “人肉搜索”型、语言暴力型和谣言传播型三类。第二节介绍了网络暴力犯罪的特 点。从网络暴力犯罪的犯罪人、行为和危害后果三个方面分别进行总结，归纳出 网络暴力犯罪的犯罪人具有广泛性、盲目性、“正义”性的特点;行为具有隐匿 性、煽动性、规模性的特点;危害后果具有压迫性、波及性、多样性的特点。第三节介绍了网络暴力犯罪的发展及规制状况。首先对网络暴力犯罪的发展情况进 行了梳理，接着又从立法方面对网络暴力犯罪的规制情况进行了总结。
第二章探讨了网络暴力犯罪的原因机制，解释为什么会发生这类犯罪。本章主要分为两个部分:第一部分探讨网络暴力犯罪的社会原因，指出影响网络暴力犯罪产生的社会原因包括文化影响、经济因素和查处困难三个方面;第二部分探 讨网络暴力犯罪的个体原因，指出网络暴力犯罪产生的个体原因包括群体效应的 不良影响、不当的道德审判行为、窥探隐私的不良行为、犯罪人法治意识淡薄和 现实中话语权的缺失五个方面。
第三章论述了网络暴力犯罪的过程机制，探讨网络暴力犯罪是怎样发生的。 本章共分为三节。第一节探讨犯罪心理的形成。首先，指出立场冲突、感情纠纷 和现实冲突都会引发犯罪动机。其次，指出诱发型网络情境和增强型网络情境都 是经常存在的犯罪诱因。第二节探讨犯罪行为的发生。首先，指出发布网络暴力 言论是典型的实施网络暴力犯罪的行为。其次，论述了通过其他失范行为实施的 网络暴力犯罪行为，具体包括“人肉搜索”和引导舆论方向。第三节探讨造成的 危害结果。首先，网络暴力犯罪会对被害人造成伤害，具体包括降低社会评价、 造成心理损伤和导致被害人自杀。其次，网络暴力犯罪会严重影响网络环境，不 仅会败坏网络风气、削弱网民上网时的安全感，还会扰乱正常的网络秩序。
第四章探讨了网络暴力犯罪的预防对策。本章依据网络暴力犯罪的产生原因 和发生机制，分别从社会预防、个体预防和过程预防三个方面提出具有针对性的 预防措施。在社会预防方面，提出了以建设和谐网络文化、构建网暴监管体系为 主的对策建议;在个体预防方面，提出了培养健康上网心理、提升网民道德自律 的对策建议;在过程预防方面，提出了抑制犯罪心理、干预犯罪行为、控制危害 结果的对策建议。

In the current era of all media, online violent crime has become one of the urgent problems to be solved. Cyberviolence crime refers to a series of social phenomena in which the perpetrator uses the internet as a medium to engage in online violence against others, such as public privacy, verbal abuse, insult, spreading rumors, and defamation, resulting in serious consequences. Victims of cyberviolence crime often bear enormous psychological pressure, and many tragedies of victim suicide have occurred. The serious consequences caused by cyberviolence are no less than those of traditional violent crimes. The Liu Xuezhou incident, the Pink haired Girl incident, and the rumor surrounding a woman picking up a package in Hangzhou have all attracted widespread social attention. In September 2023, the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, and the Ministry of Public Security jointly issued “the Guiding Opinions on Punishing Cyber Violence Crimes in accordance with the Law”, reflecting the country's emphasis on cyberviolence crimes. In this context, exploring the mechanism of cyberviolence crimes and proposing corresponding preventive measures is of greater practical significance. The mechanism of cyberviolence crimes refers to the principles of the sources and formation process of cyberviolence crimes, including the cause mechanism and process mechanism of cyberviolence crimes. This exploration can help the public understand the causes and formation process of cyberviolence crimes, and based on this, propose targeted preventive measures, which can provide valuable reference for the governance and prevention of cyberviolence crimes.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article mainly includes four chapters:
The first chapter provides a detailed overview of cyberviolence crimes. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section defines the concept of cyberviolence crimes and categorizes cyberviolence crimes. Firstly, defining the concept of cyberviolence, through sorting and analyzing existing theories in academia, it is believed that the theory of "deviant behavior" is more appropriate. Then, define the concept of cyberviolence crimes and clarify that cyberviolence crimes refers to a series of social phenomena in which the perpetrator uses the internet as a medium to commit cyberviolence against others, such as public privacy, verbal abuse, insult, spreading rumors, and defamation, resulting in serious consequences. Finally, by sorting and summarizing the already occurring cyberviolence crimes, they can be classified into three types based on different behavioral patterns: "human flesh search" type, language violence type, and rumor spreading type. The second section introduces the characteristics of cyberviolence crimes. Summarize the perpetrators, behaviors, and harmful consequences of cyberviolence crimes from three aspects, and summarize that the perpetrators of cyberviolence crimes have the characteristics of universality, blindness, and justice; Behavior has the characteristics of concealment, incitement, and scale; The harmful consequences are characterized by oppression, contagion, and diversity. The third section introduces the development and regulatory status of online violent crimes. Firstly, the development of cyberviolence crimes was sorted out, and then the regulatory situation of cyberviolence crimes was summarized from the legislative perspective.
The second chapter explores the causes and mechanisms of cyberviolence crimes and explains why such crimes occur. This chapter is mainly divided into two parts: the first part explores the social reasons for online violent crimes, pointing out that the social reasons that affect the emergence of cyberviolence crimes include cultural influence, economic factors, and objective difficulties; The second part explores the individual causes of cyberviolence crimes, pointing out that the individual causes of cyberviolence crimes include five aspects: adverse effects of group effects, improper moral judgment behavior, malicious behavior of prying into privacy, weak legal awareness of criminals, and lack of discourse power in reality.
The third chapter discusses the process and mechanism of cyberviolence crimes and explores how it occurs. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section explores the formation of criminal psychology. Firstly, it is pointed out that conflicting positions, emotional disputes, and real-life conflicts can all trigger criminal motives. Secondly, it is pointed out that both induced and enhanced online situations are common causes of crime. The second section explores the occurrence of criminal acts. Firstly, it is pointed out that posting online violent remarks is a typical act of committing cyberviolence crimes. Secondly, it discusses the cyberviolence crimes committed through other deviant behaviors, including "human flesh search" and guiding public opinion. The third section explores the harmful consequences caused. Firstly, cyberviolence crimes can cause harm to victims, including reducing social evaluation and causing psychological damage. In severe cases, it can lead to the victim committing suicide. Secondly, cyberviolence crimes can seriously affect the online environment, not only corrupting the online atmosphere and weakening the sense of security of cyber citizens when surfing the internet, but also disrupting normal online order.
The fourth chapter explores preventive measures for cyberviolence crimes. This chapter proposes targeted prevention measures from three aspects: social prevention, individual prevention, and process prevention, based on the causes and mechanisms of cyberviolence crimes. In terms of social prevention, countermeasures and suggestions have been proposed, mainly focusing on building a harmonious network culture and a regulatory system for cyberviolence crimes; In terms of individual prevention, suggestions have been put forward to cultivate a healthy online mentality and enhance the moral self-discipline of cyber citizens ; In terms of process prevention, countermeasures and suggestions have been proposed to suppress criminal psychology, intervene in criminal behavior, and control harmful consequences.