从年轻社会迈入老龄社会，中国正经历人口老龄化的快速发展期，北京和上海这两座中国特大城市的人口老龄化程度尤为严重。老龄化程度的不断加深给社会经济发展和家庭产生了广泛的影响，其中老年人的养老问题事关每个家庭，已经成为我国民生问题中最重要、最紧迫的问题之一。保障老年人的基本养老需求是政府必须肩负的社会责任，在健康老龄化的总体布局下，《“十三五”国家老龄事业规划》提出了鼓励“成年子女与父母同住养老”的政策倡导，以应对老龄化的严峻挑战，保证国家持续发展。 本研究首先厘清并界定了相关概念，然后对“成年子女与父母同住养老”政策进行了理论分析，最后利用2016年中国老年社会追踪调查（CLASS）的数据，描述了京沪老年人家庭和社会养老资源的现状及养老需求，通过交叉分析法、二元逻辑回归和有序逻辑回归等方法，分析了影响老年人与子女同住的微观因素，探究了不同同住组合对老年人生活满意度的差异。 本研究表明，年龄、配偶情况、自评健康、日常生活自理能力、“养儿防老”的态度，对老年人是否与成年子女同住有显著影响。在与配偶、子女及子女配偶同住的二代直系家庭，配偶、子女及子女配偶、孙子女同住的典型三代直系家庭中生活的老年人，生活满意度更高。同时发现，老年人的年龄、自评健康、日常生活自理能力、个人收入、婚姻状况、生活来源情况、社会参与情况和社区活动设施情况等因素对老年人生活满意度影响显著。 最后，根据研究结论，本研究初步探索了老龄社会人类“老龄期”的政策视角，提出了鼓励“成年子女与父母同住养老”政策的完善建议，以期提高老年人居家养老的生活满意度，提升社会参与意愿，营造老年友好的社会环境，推进健康老龄化的建设。

From a young society to an aging society, China is experiencing a period of rapid population aging. Beijing and Shanghai are megacities in China, and the aging of the two cities is particularly serious. The deepening of the aging has affected the development of Chinese society and economy and the lives of residents' families. The supporting problem of the elderly is related to each family. In terms of people's livelihood, the supporting problem has become one of the most important and pressing issues. Protecting the basic needs of the elderly is the responsibility that the government must undertake. Under the healthy aging strategy, the government issued “The 13th Five-Year National Plan for Ageing” and proposed a policy of advocating “the parents living with their adult children for supporting”. The policy in order to cope with the severe challenges of aging and ensure the sustainable development of the country. First, the research clarifies and defines related concepts. Secondly, this research analyzes the policy of “parents living with their adult children for supporting” from the theoretical perspectives. Finally, this research uses the data of CLASS 2016 to describe the current status of the family and social supporting resources and the needs of the elderly in Beijing and Shanghai. Through cross-analysis, binary logistic regression and ordered logistic regression, the paper analyzes the micro factors that affect living arrangements of adult children living with their parents, and explores the life satisfaction of different living arrangements for the elderly. This research shows that age, spouse status, self-rated health, ADL, and attitude of “Supported by the children” have a significant impact on whether the elderly live with adult children. The elderly living in second-generation direct families and typical three-generation direct families have higher life satisfaction. At the same time, it is found that the age, self-rated health, ADL, personal income, marital status, source of life, social participation and community facilities have a significant impact on the life satisfaction of the elderly. Finally, based on the research conclusions, this research initially explores the policy perspective of “ageing” in the aging society, and puts forward the suggestions for the policy of “parents living with their adult children for supporting”. The research aims to improve the satisfaction of the elderly in the old-age life, enhances the social participation, create an old-age friendly social environment, and promotes the construction of a healthy aging society.