全球气候变化背景下，极端天气、气候事件发生频率强度增加，灾害群、灾害链、灾害遭遇等现象日趋增多，灾害风险呈现出不确定性增加、不可预见性增强的新态势。社区是我国经济社会发展中重要的基本构成单位，是最容易受到自然灾害打击的基本承灾体单位，同时也处于防灾减灾救灾的最前沿。在灾害发生频次和影响范围等的不确定性增加的新形势下，特别重大自然灾害频次呈现出增长趋势，在灾害风险新态势下政府单一性地防灾减灾救灾已不能满足相关需求，有必要从防灾减灾救灾的一线做起，提升社区基础理念，其中，必要的减灾装备的储备和应用是有效降低灾害风险、减轻灾害损失的最为直接的手段，而目前这方面的理论研究与案例实践还没有引起学术界和产业界的足够重视。主要结论如下：（1）灾种与减灾装备的关系，致灾因子类型的差异就会导致灾害类型的不同，其中突出表现为致灾因子对承灾体打击和破坏程度明显不同。所以，针对不同类型的自然灾害因子，在依靠相应装备减轻灾害风险（或灾害损失）的过程中，需要着重考虑致灾因子的类型及其发生频率、强度和持续时间等特征，由此判定其可能打击的承灾体类型和可能破坏或影响程度，进而更好地选择相应装备。（2）承灾体与减灾装备的关系，脆弱性、恢复性、适应性是承灾体的重要属性，也会对减灾装备的储备选择产生重要影响。脆弱性导致灾害救助出现差异性，与灾害救助相对应的减灾装备也需要根据不同个体或群体的差异性需求，开展差异性、多元化的装备选取与储备。恢复性决定了灾害救助（尤其是巨灾）社区化，减灾装备也需考虑社区化，与灾害救助相对应的减灾装备也需要根据灾害救助的长期性与社区的独特性质，开展社区化装备选取与储备。适应是人类社会做出调整以减轻灾害风险的最有效举措，贯穿灾害全过程，减灾装备要考虑救助的全过程性特征。（3）社区规模与减灾装备的关系，社区空间规模、空间格局、属性规模和能力规模与减灾装备息息相关，社区的空间规模面积越大，需要救助的人口数量也可能越多，相应的减灾装备需求量也就越大；社区不同的分布格局对减灾装备数量和空间布局的需求存在极大差异；社区属性规模是最为重要的决定减灾装备规模的因素；社区能力规模越强，则在同等致灾强度条件下，社区所需要的减灾装备数量也就越少。（4）社区减灾装备差异性案例研究，以云南地震灾害、湖南台风/洪涝灾害为例，分析综合减灾示范社区中减灾装备的基本情况发现，目前全国综合减灾示范社区减灾装备配备程度较高，且与区域多发易发灾种有一定的针对性，但地震灾害多发区的搜救设备、救生器材、破拆工具，洪涝台风多发区的救生器材、救援船舶、救生衣，以及普遍需要的电源配电车、水处理系统、个人防护装备等设备的储备相对较少，迫切需要在未来的储备名录中优先考虑。

Under the background of global climate change and high frequency of extreme weather / climate events and (or) increasing intensity, frequent natural disaster has become an indisputable fact. Disaster chain phenomenon, multi-hazards are becoming increasingly obvious. As a basic unit of society, community is an important place for the broad masses of the people work, life, and also is the disaster prevention disaster reduction of the frontier. However, with increasing frequency, disaster scale uncertainty, increased frequency of the catastrophe, only depending on the government organization all forces to carry out disaster reduction and relief work already can't adapt to the disaster risk the situation, and it is necessary to start from the local level, strengthen the disaster relief ability of community level, reserve and application of disaster reduction equipment necessary is the most direct means to effectively reduce disaster losses, and the current research in this area has not yet attracted enough attention to.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The relationship between the types of disaster and disaster reduction equipment, according to the different type of hazards, the types of disaster were also different; therefore, according to the different hazards, depending on the corresponding equipment to reduce the disaster risk (or disaster losses), highlighted the need to consider the type of hazards and its frequency, intensity and duration characteristics; thereby determining the bearing types disaster body and may damage or affect the degree, and then select the appropriate equipment to better.(2) The relationship between the bearing body and the disaster reduction equipment, vulnerability, resilience, adaptability is an important attribute of disaster bearing body, and will also an important factor to influence the restoration of disaster reduction equipment. Vulnerability leads to disaster relief appeared difference, disaster reduction equipment should be according to the needs of individual or group, to carry out equipment differently, selection and reserve diversification. Resilience determines the disaster relief (especially catastrophe) community, and reduction of equipment also need to consider the community, disaster reduction equipment should be according to the unique properties of long-term disaster relief and community, community of equipment selection and reserve. Adaptation is the most effective measures for human society to make adjustments to reduce disaster risk, disaster reduction equipment should consider the whole process characteristic of relief. (3) The relationship between the size of the community and disaster reduction equipment, community space scale, spatial pattern, scale and disaster reduction property scale and capability of equipment is closely related to the spatial scale, the community area is greater, the number of population assistance may need more equipment, disaster reduction demand corresponding more; there are great differences of different distribution pattern of community demand for disaster reduction equipment quantity and spatial distribution of the community property; scale is one of the most important factors decision disaster reduction equipment scale; community capacity scale is strong, is in the same disaster conditions, the number of equipment for disaster reduction community needed less. (4) Case study of community disaster reduction equipment difference, taking Yunnan earthquake disaster, Hunan typhoon / flood disaster as an example, the basic situation of the disaster comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration community equipment found, at present the national integrated disaster reduction demonstration community equipment degree is high; and the region prone to disasters will be targeted earthquake disaster prone areas, but the search and rescue equipment, rescue equipment, rescue tools, flood and typhoon prone areas of the rescue equipment, rescue ships, life jackets, and power supply commonly required and distributing system, water treatment system, personal protective equipment and other equipment of the reserve is relatively small; and the urgent need to consider the priority reserve in the directory in the future.