非物质文化遗产是一定地区内人民群众劳动生产生活全过程的重要载体，是地方文化发展与传承的关键。对非遗进行合理的保护和开发，不仅能够促进区域的可持续发展，还能够促进文化资源合理发挥效用、构建民族自信。当前，在经济高速发展以及与外来文化高频交流的时代背景之下，有的非遗项目抓住了市场机遇，实现了文化与经济的双重价值，但更多的非遗项目面临着生存困境；同时，地方居民在非遗文化资源的空间分配方面也面临着不均衡的问题。

天津市是我国四个直辖市之一，自古以来就是交通重镇。在这层身份属性影响之下，天津市成为多元文化与民族构成的地区，产生了许多非物质文化遗产。做好天津市的非物质文化遗产工作，有利于促进地区发展、赓续传统文化。

本文收集统计了天津市市级和国家级非遗项目，共计357项（不含扩展项目），在空间分析理论的基础上，综合运用多种GIS分析方法，对其空间分布特征进行研究，随后基于其特征探究影响天津市非遗空间分布的成因。研究结果表明：

（1）天津市非遗项目门类齐全，但在结构上存在不均衡的问题，还有较大的申报空间；

（2）天津市非遗项目的最近邻指数R=0.40，实际地理集中指数G=26.84大于理想地理集中指数=24，以各区非遗项目累计占比绘制洛伦兹曲线偏离绝对均衡线，故其总体分布特征为聚集型，在区域上呈不均衡态势，各区间非遗数量、密度等差异大；

（3）天津市非遗分布的核心地带为市内六区，其余地区主要呈点状分布，各类型非遗在空间分布上存在一定的差异，部分类型的非遗分布核心地带出现在环城四区；

（4）天津市非遗的空间分布受到地形、水系、常住人口数量、地区生产总值、主干道路、历史文化名镇名村及全国重点文物保护单位和重要历史事件等多方面因素影响。绝大部分非遗项目分布在平原地带，59.9%的非遗项目位于主干河流2000m缓冲区内；天津市人口-非遗地理联系率=80.31，经济-非遗地理联系率=61.25；99.7%的非遗项目位于次干路及以上道路的2000m缓冲区内；4%的非遗项目位于天津市中国历史文化名镇名村5km缓冲区内，56%的非遗项目位于天津市全国重点文物保护单位的5km缓冲区内；当地传统的渔业、盐业及特殊移民现象等均对非遗的形成存在影响。

Intangible cultural heritage is an important carrier of the whole process of people’s labor, production and life in a certain area, and a key link in the development and inheritance of local culture. Reasonable protection and development of intangible cultural heritage can not only promote the sustainable development of the region, but also promote the rational use of cultural resources and build national self-confidence. At present, under the background of rapid economic development and high-frequency exchanges with foreign cultures, some intangible cultural heritage projects have seized the market opportunity and realized the dual value of culture and economy, but more intangible cultural heritage projects are still facing survival difficulties. At the same time, local residents also face the problem of unbalanced spatial distribution of intangible cultural resources.

Tianjin is one of the four municipalities directly under the central government in China, and has been a major traffic town since ancient times. Under the influence of this identity attribute, Tianjin has become a multi-cultural and ethnic area, which has produced a lot of intangible cultural heritage. Doing a good job of intangible cultural heritage in Tianjin is conducive to promoting regional development and continuing traditional culture.

In this paper, a total of 357 municipal and national intangible cultural heritage projects (excluding extended projects) in Tianjin were collected and counted. Based on the spatial analysis theory, a variety of GIS analysis methods were comprehensively used to study their spatial distribution characteristics, and then the causes affecting the spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage in Tianjin were explored based on their characteristics. The results show that:

(1) Tianjin has a complete range of intangible cultural heritage projects, but there is a problem of imbalance in structure, and there is still a lot of space for application;

(2) The nearest neighbor index R=0.40, and the actual geographical concentration index G=26.84 were greater than the ideal geographical concentration index =24. The Lorentz curve, drawn based on the cumulative proportion of intangible cultural heritage projects in each district, deviated from the absolute equilibrium line. Therefore, the overall distribution characteristics of the Lorentz curve were clustered, showing an unbalanced trend in the region, and the number and density of intangible cultural heritage in each region were greatly different.

(3) The core areas of the distribution of intangible cultural heritage in Tianjin are six districts in the city, and the rest areas are mainly distributed in a point pattern. There are certain differences in the spatial distribution of various types of intangible cultural heritage, and some types of intangible cultural heritage distribution core areas appear in the four districts around the city.

(4) The spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage in Tianjin is affected by many factors, such as terrain, water system, number of permanent resident population, gross regional product, main roads, famous historical and cultural towns and villages, key national cultural relics protection units and important historical events. Most of the intangible cultural heritage projects are distributed in the plain area, and 59.9% of them are located in the 2000m buffer zone of the main river. The population-intangible cultural heritage geographical linkage rate of Tianjin =80.31, the economy-intangible cultural heritage geographical linkage rate =61.25; 99.7% of the intangible cultural heritage projects are located in the 2000m buffer zone of secondary and above roads; 4% of the intangible cultural heritage projects are located within the 5km buffer zone of famous Chinese historical and cultural towns and villages in Tianjin, and 56% of the intangible cultural heritage projects are located within the 5km buffer zone of key national cultural relics protection units in Tianjin. Local traditional fishing, salt industry and special immigration all have an impact on the formation of intangible cultural heritage.