本文采用化学氧化法在水介质中合成了聚噻吩，较为详细地研究了不同的实验条件（如三氯化铁（FeCl3）、对甲苯磺酸铁（Fe(OTs)3）、过硫酸铵（APS）、过硫酸钾（KPS）、过硫酸铵/三乙醇胺（APS/TEA）分别作为引发剂，十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、四正丁基溴化胺（TBAB）、四正丁基氯化胺（TBAC）、十六烷基三甲基溴化胺（CTAB）和聚乙二醇300（PEG300）分别作为表面活性剂）对噻吩聚合的影响，并与未添加表面活性剂的聚噻吩（PTh）的聚合程度做了对比，进而得出了噻吩在水介质中聚合的较优条件：当用APS或KPS作引发剂，使用季铵盐型阳离子型表面活性剂或类冠醚型非离子型表面活性剂，在70℃下，噻吩可以成功地在水介质中聚合且聚合程度较好。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、元素分析仪（EA）、傅立叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）等对聚噻吩进行了表征。从SEM照片可以看出，不同的引发剂和表面活性剂与投料方式制得的聚噻吩在形貌上有着很大的区别，有时为球形，有时为棒状或网状纤维。 本文对聚苯乙烯/聚噻吩核壳结构导电高分子复合微球的制备进行了初步探索。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）证实了在一定的条件下，聚苯乙烯/聚噻吩导电高分子复合微球核壳结构的存在。

In this article, polythiophene was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization in the aqueous solution. It was investigated the effect of different conditions (Ferric(Ⅲ) Chloride (FeCl3), Iron(Ⅲ) tris(p-toluenesulfonate) (Fe(OTs)3), ammonium persulfate(APS), potassium persulfate(KPS) and ammonium persulfate/triethanolamine(APS/TEA) used as initiator respect- ively, and sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), tetrabutylammonium bromide(TBAB), tetrabutyl- ammonium chloride (TBAC), hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) and polyethylene glycol-300(PEG300) used as additives)on the extent of polymerization of thiophene. The properties of the polythiophene prepared was studied and compared with those of surfactant free polythiophene in order to get the best conditions of the polymerization of polythiophene: When APS or KPS were used as initiator and cationic surfactant (quaternary ammonium salt) or non-ionic surfactant(homologous crown ethers) were used, polythiophene, of which extent of polymerization was perfect, can be synthesized in aqueous solution under 70℃. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Elemental analyzers(EA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra are used to characterize the products. The scanning electron micrographs of polythiophene showed different morphologies for different initiator, surfactants and feeding mode, not only globular structure but also rod structure or reticular fibers. Because the polymerization of polythionphene in aqueous solution was successful, synthesis of polystyrene/polythiophene core-shell structure conductive polymer composite microspheres were investigated. It was proved that polystyrene/polythiophene conductive polymer composite microspheres exist core-shell structure through Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Transmission electron microscope(TEM).