1915年的中日“二十一条”交涉，是民国以来第一大外交事件，对国家、民族影响甚巨，在民初文坛上也产生了巨大的反响，催生了诸多文学作品。这些作品包括短篇小说、历史演义、旧体诗、时评、政论、杂文、纪实文学等，我们称之为“二十一条”国难文学。本论文拟分国难小说、国难诗歌、国难政论时评与杂文、国难纪实文学四章来论述“二十一条”国难文学。“二十一条”国难文学全面地反映了“二十一条”国难，内容涉及这场国难的各个方面——中日交涉前日本出兵山东和日德青岛之战的情况、中日关于“二十一条”的外交谈判过程以及谈判中中日当局的外交斡旋、中日交涉期间中国民众的救亡运动，甚至巴黎和会和“五四”运动时期对“二十一条”问题的再反响。这些内容主要包含了三大主题，那就是反对日本的殖民侵略、反对袁世凯及其政府的腐朽卖国和声援民众的爱国运动。“二十一条”国难文学在爱国精神的统摄下洋溢着强烈的批判精神和反思精神，其把国家利益放到最高位置的爱国精神、猛烈揭批造成国难的内外民族公敌的批判精神和解剖国民根性的反思精神，至今都有鉴借意义。“二十一条”国难文学，一方面深深地扎根当时的现实，让我们回到那段沉重的历史，至今还能感受到国难中芸芸众生的生动形象；另一方面又具有鲜明的理想主义色彩，大力渲染国民的爱国精神，读之让人热泪盈眶，激动不已，产生排山倒海的震撼力，具有极强的艺术感染力。

Sino-Japanese negotiation about ‘The 21 Demands’ in 1915 is the biggest diplomatic affair since Republican China. It has great effect on the country, the nation, and the literary world in the early days of Republican China, and also has brought many literary works named The Literature about The ‘21 Demands’ Calamity, which include short story, historical novel, old type poem, review comments, political comments, scribble, record literature, etc. This paper will address to The Literature about The ‘21 Demands’ Calamity in four parts: calamity novel, calamity poem, calamity review comments, and calamity record literature.The literature about ‘the 21 demands’ calamity symbolized ‘the 21 demands’ calamity in general, which contains all respects of the calamity——Japan dispatches Shandong before the negotiation of two countries ,the war of Japan and Germany in Qingdao, the diplomatic negotiations process about “the 21 demands” and Diplomatic mediation between China and Japan, Chinese populace's national salvation movement in the period ,even the re-echo about ‘the 21 demands’ in the periods of Paris Peace Conference and the ‘may 4th’ movement.In general, there are three subjects: firstly, Against Japan's colonial aggression; secondly,Against Yuan Shi-kai and his government’s corrupt traitors;thirdly, Solidarity with the people's patriotic movement. Under the dominates of The spirit of patriotism , the literature about ‘the 21 demands’calamity is full of a strong sense of a critical spirit and the spirit of reflection.On one hand, The literature about ‘the 21 demands’ calamity Deeply rooted in the reality,which brings us back to that period of heavy history and Feel Chinese vivid image in national calamity;the other hand, it also has a very visional colour of idealism,promotes national spirit of patriotism Vigorously. All the patriotic story in it are moved people, have a strong shocking and Artistic appeal.