伴随着四十年的改革和发展，我国建立了一个较为完整的中国特色社会主义法律体系。但随着改革的全面深化，我国的刑事司法制度需要进一步发展完善，例如当前的刑事审判、刑事执行等刑事司法制度相关规定等。在此情况下，对域外国家的刑事司法历史发展进程，其所经历的法制发展历程及相关体制与经验的借鉴研究，尤其是在刑事立法上与我国有紧密连带的俄罗斯刑事司法制度，对其历史发展状况的了解，无疑会对我国的刑事司法改革具有一定的借鉴意义。

由于历史的原因，我国刑事司法制度中的许多规范是借鉴和移植于苏联时期的刑事司法制度，而苏联的刑事司法制度同样也是沿革自俄国的法律制度，比如现行《俄罗斯联邦刑事法典》及刑事执行制度便是由沙俄时期的监狱规范及苏联时期的劳改规范演化而来的。因此，对于俄国刑事司法制度的研究能够从一定程度上判断我国刑事司法制度的历史来源，从而对现行的刑事司法制度进行改革与完善，以使其更加贴近并服务于我国新时代刑事法治发展的需求。基于此立意，本文选择《复活》作为背景对俄罗斯特定历史时期的刑事司法状况进行研究探讨，探索在当时特定的社会背景下，俄罗斯国家刑事司法制度特定的法律精神和实质内涵，以期为我国刑事司法制度的深化改革有所助益。

文学大师列夫.托尔斯泰创作的《复活》《战争与和平》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》三部小说全面地展现了19世纪俄国的社会生活。其中《复活》对19世纪俄国刑事司法制度的描写最为真实丰富，透过《复活》文本描述可以了解到当时俄国的刑事法律状况，基于此，本文以《复活》文本为视角，从学理的角度对俄罗斯19世纪的刑事司法制度进行了初步的考察与探讨。

本文第一部分摘录并概述了《复活》一书中相关的时代背景与故事情节，同时对19世纪俄国刑事司法制度的基本状况做了简要的梳理；第二部分是关于《复活》中对于刑事司法裁定及执行的具体描述，通过对法官、陪审团、检察官、律师等人物活动的分析，展现小说中19世纪俄国的刑事司法状况；第三部分通过对19世纪俄国具体刑事司法制度及当时特定社会背景的分析，研究了俄国历来所存在的宗法和专制两种核心文化因素对于19世纪俄国法律制度的影响；文章最后一部分首先反思了无论形式多么完备刑事司法制度，在19世纪沙俄统治的政治环境及宗教影响下，只能是统治阶级压迫人民的政治工具。同时基于对19世纪俄国刑事司法制度的反思，文章落脚于中国刑事司法制度本身，分析中国的刑事政策及传统文化因素对于现代中国刑事司法制度影响。

Along with forty years of reform and development, China has established a more complete socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics. However, with the overall deepening of reform, China's criminal legal system needs to be further developed and improved, such as the current criminal trial, criminal enforcement and other relevant provisions of the criminal justice system. Under this circumstance, the study of the historical development process of criminal justice in foreign countries, the research of the history of legal development and its related institutions and experiences are undoubtedly significant for China's criminal justice reform, especially the Russian criminal justice system, which is closely connected with China in terms of criminal legislation

For historical reasons, many norms of our criminal justice system were borrowed and transplanted from the Soviet-era criminal justice system, while the Soviet criminal justice system was also evolved from the Russian legal system, for example, the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the criminal enforcement system were evolved from the Tsarist-era prison norms and the Soviet-era correctional norms. Therefore, the study of the Russian criminal justice system can, to a certain extent, determine the historical origin of the criminal justice system in China, so as to reform and improve the current criminal justice system to make it more relevant and serve the needs of the development of the criminal rule of law in China in the new era. Based on this intention, this paper chooses "Resurrection" as the background to study the criminal justice situation in Russia in a specific historical period, and explores the specific legal spirit and substance of the Russian criminal justice system in a specific social context at that time, in order to contribute to the deepening reform of the criminal justice system in China.

The three novels "Resurrection", "War and Peace" and "Anna Karenina" written by the master of literature Lev Tolstoy have presented the social life of Russia in the 19th century in a comprehensive manner. Among them, "Resurrection" depicts the Russian criminal justice system in the 19th century in the most realistic and rich way, and through the text of "Resurrection", we can understand the criminal law situation in Russia at that time.

The first part of this paper excerpts and outlines the relevant period background and storyline in Resurrection, and provides a brief overview of the period background and storyline of Resurrection, as well as the basic situation of the Russian criminal justice system in the 19th century. The second part is about the specific description of the criminal justice ruling and execution in Resurrection, through the analysis of the activities of the characters such as judges, juries, prosecutors, lawyers, etc. The third part examines the influence of the two core cultural factors, patriarchal and authoritarian, on the Russian legal system in the 19th century through an analysis of the specific criminal justice system in Russia and the specific social context at that time. The last part of the essay begins with a reflection on the fact that no matter how complete the form of the criminal justice system was, under the political environment and religious influence of 19th century Tsarist rule, the criminal justice system in Russia was not as good as it could have been. The last part of the essay begins with the reflection that no matter how well developed the criminal justice system was, under the political environment and religious influence of 19th century Tsarist rule, it was only a political tool of the ruling class to oppress the people. At the same time, based on the reflection on the Russian criminal justice system in the 19th century, the article focuses on the Chinese criminal justice system itself, analyzing the influence of Chinese criminal policy and traditional cultural factors on the modern Chinese criminal justice system.