近年来，由于种类繁多、来源广泛以及可能转化为有毒性更大的中间产物，药品和个人护理用品（PPCP）正在成为一种重要的新兴水体污染物，威胁人体健康和生态系统安全。为了克服现有水处理技术PPCP去除效率低、对反应条件要求高以及产生二次污染等问题，本论文以碳纳米复合膜过滤技术为研究对象，较为系统地探究了膜材料的结构与其水处理性能之间的构效关系原理，并初步确定了适于实际水处理的组合工艺及膜再生条件，为PPCP污染控制提供了可能的技术新途径。 在研究方法方面，本论文首先，从碳纳米复合膜的制备着手，筛选出高效去除PPCP的碳纳米膜材料，同时根据构效关系筛选出最佳的碳纳米复合膜结构。其次，通过探究pH、离子强度、钙离子浓度、腐殖酸浓度、不同浓度的PPCP进水溶液等不同水质条件对PPCP去除效率的影响，阐明碳纳米复合膜去除过滤PPCP的内在机理，并且通过Langmuir方程拟合计算碳纳米复合膜对PPCP的吸附能力，以推测碳纳米复合膜在长时间过滤过程中对PPCP的去除能力。然后，将其应用在实际水体包括具有代表性的地表水（NOM）和二沉池出水中PPCP的处理，通过三维荧光和尺度排阻色谱分析实际水体中的天然有机质和污水有机质（EfOM）的组分和含量，确定与PPCP发生竞争吸附作用的NOM/ EfOM成分，并有针对性地去除以上活性成分，开发出适用于实际水体的预处理-膜过滤组合工艺。最后，根据碳纳米复合膜与PPCP之间的吸附作用机理，从弱化两者之间作用力的角度出发，通过调控化学和物理再生条件，找到了适于碳纳米复合膜再生的热再生方法，初步实现了碳纳米膜在PPCP去除方面的重复利用。 研究主要发现和结论如下： （i）碳纳米复合膜的制备及其构-效关系。本论文采用清洁无化学污染的超声分散-载体膜过滤方法制备出具有不同表面化学性质、孔隙结构和碳纳米材料组成及组合方式的平板和中空纤维复合膜。这些膜普遍具有良好的透水性（333-4454 L m2 h-1 bar-1）、较好的抗膜污染性、不同的过滤稳定性，及对PPCP的不同吸附过滤能力（18%-100%）。通过比较复合膜表征和过滤实验的结果，发现：（1）单一碳纳米材料复合膜对PPCP的去除效率受其表面含氧官能团的种类、数量以及材料本身比表面积的影响（随着比表面积的增大PPCP去除效率增大）；（2）对于多组分碳纳米（rGO-CNT）复合膜，碳纳米管（CNT）的网状结构能够固定置于其中的片层结构的还原性氧化石墨烯（rGO），从而显著提高rGO复合膜的过滤稳定性；（3）CNT均匀分散在rGO中的rGO-CNT复合膜具有更均匀而细小的空隙结构，过滤过程中的水流分布更均匀，避免短路流的形成，从而在提高rGO复合膜的透水率的同时，增强了PPCP的吸附过滤效果。 （ii）水质化学条件对于碳纳米复合膜对PPCP的过滤效果有重要影响。通过探究不同化学水质条件对PPCP去除效率的影响，发现：（1）溶液pH值和天然有机质对PPCP的去除效率影响最显著；（2）相对于碱性条件，当进水溶液为酸性和中性时，PPCP和碳纳米材料之间的相互作用更强，从而提高了PPCP吸附。反之，碱性条件可以强化PPCP与碳纳米材料之间的静电排斥作用，从而促进PPCP在碳纳米复合膜上的解吸；（3）天然有机质通过与PPCP竞争碳纳米材料表面的吸附位点，降低复合膜对PPCP的吸附去除率（下降最高达到79%）。 （iii）PPCP的性质会影响其与复合膜表面的相互作用机制，从而影响膜过滤效果。研究发现：（1）碳纳米复合膜对PPCP的吸附能力随着PPCP相对分子质量的增加而整体呈增大趋势，但是并不呈严格的递增关系；（2）PPCP分子中芳香环的数量与PPCP的吸附能力没有直接的关系；（3）PPCP中的含氧官能团（比如羟基）通过影响PPCP与碳纳米材料之间的相互作用（如氢键作用）而影响PPCP的去除效率。 （iv）预混凝-膜过滤组合工艺可以有效缓解NOM/EfOM与PPCP的竞争吸附作用，提高PPCP的去除效率。根据天然水和市政污水厂二沉池出水排阻色谱分析结果，以上水体中腐殖质含量为87.1%-94.9%，铝盐混凝可以有效去除两种原水中的腐殖质，消弱腐殖质与PPCP的竞争吸附作用，从而使PPCP去除率显著上升（提高除率高达69%）。同时预混凝还能去除天然水和二沉池出水中的有机胶体，有效控制了碳纳米复合膜的污染。因此，预混凝与碳纳米复合膜过滤的组合工艺在实际水体中PPCP去除方面有良好的应用前景。

In recent years, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) in water and wastewater have caused growing menace to the environment and the human being because of their great diversity, broad source and potential formation of more toxic substances. However, existing water treatment technologies have not been tailored to PPCP removals, and therefore, encounter various problems such as low removal efficiencies, demanding operating conditions, and/or secondary pollution. Consequently, this study focused on the development of carbonaceous nanocomposite membrane (CNCM) filtration that was tailored to the treatment of wastewater contaminated by PPCP compounds. For this purpose, carbonaceous nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes or CNT, and reduced graphene oxides or rGO) with high PPCP removal efficiencies were identified and used for the preparation of composite membranes. The structures of these membranes were further optimized based upon the membrane structure according to the structure-acttheir performance in stability, pure water permeability, antifouling propensity, and removal efficiencies for PPCP compoundsivity relationship (SAP) between CNCM and PPCP. Then after, clarify the PPCP adsorption mechanism for PPCP onto CNCM was studied by varying solution chemical conditions, including pH, ionic strength, calcium concentrations, humic acid (HA) concentrations, and the feed concentrations and types of PPCP compounds. Meanwhile, we calculated the adsorption capacities of the CNCM for PPCP compounds were evaluated by the Langmuir isotherm to infer their adsorption capacity with long-time membrane filtration performance. After that, applying the prepared CNCM on the PPCP removal in was applied for the filtration of PPCP compounds from realistic water including natural surface water (NOM) and secondary wastewater effluent (EfOM), with the integration of pre-coagulation to eliminate the competitive adsorption effect of humic substances. Finally, regeneration methods were assessed for the reuse of the carbon nanomaterials for PPCP removal. The main findings and conclusions of this study are presented as follows: (i) Carbonaceous nanocomposite membrane preparation and the structure-activity relationship (SAP) between CNCM and PPCP. Firstly, CNCM with different surface chemical properties, porosity and integrated modes were facilely prepared by using the method of dispersion-filtration without the use of chemical binders. These CNCM possessed high membrane permeability (333-4454 L m2 h-1 bar-1), varying fouling resistance and varying PPCP removal efficiencies (up to 18-100%). Based on the results of CNCM characterization and filtration experiments, it was found that: (1) PPCP removals by composite membranes consisting of single type of carbonaceous material were effected by the types and content of the oxygenated functional groups as well as the specific surface area (SSA) of the nanomaterials (generally increased as the SSA increased); (2) The CNT mat coating the substrate membrane fixed the flake-like rGO inside its structure, which enhanced membrane stability during PPCP filtration; (3) The rGO-CNT composite membrane with well-dispersion of rGO into CNT possessed more uniform porosity, allowing water to flow through with minimal short-circuits, which enhanced PPCP removal and membrane permeability. (ii) The chemical water quality conditions played an important role on PPCP removal by CNCM during PPCP filtration process. It was found that: (1) the feedwater pH and the presence of natural organic matter had the most pronounced effects on PPCP removal; (2) PPCP adsorption on CNCM was stronger in acidic and neutral conditions than in alkaline condition, due to enhanced interaction between PPCP and nanomaterials; (3) natural organic matter competed with PPCP for the adsorption sites on carbonaceous nanomaterials, thereby decreasing the PPCP removals by (the decline percentage up to 79%). (iii) PPCP properties affected PPCP removal by varying the interactions between PPCP and CNCM. Comparison of the filtration results for different PPCP compounds revealed that: (1) PPCP adsorption increased, in general, as their molecular weights increased, but there was no quantitative relationship; (2) the number of aromatic rings of PPCP structure did not have direct correlation with their adsorption by CNCM; (3) The presence of oxygen functional groups (i.e. hydroxyl group) on PPCP enhanced their adsorption as a result of the hydrogen bonding interaction between PPCP and nanomaterials. (iv) The integration of precoagulation enhanced PPCP removal and reduced the fouling of CNCM by realistic water. According to the result of SEC-OCD, humic-like substance (87.1%-94.9%) predominated in the NOM of the natural surface water and EfOM of the secondary wastewater effluent. Precoagulation of natural surface water and secondary wastewater effluent effectively removed humic substances in the water and enhanced the PPCP removal by up to 69%. Meanwhile, precoagulation removed the organic colloids in natural surface water and secondary wastewater effluent, thereby relieving the membrane fouling. Therefore, the integrated precoagulation and CNCM filtration was promising for PPCP removal in real water.