近年来，随着我国全面放开“三胎”政策，也由于女性就业、经济负担、单亲家庭的增加等客观原因，祖辈对孙辈进行隔代抚养已成为十分普遍的社会现象。对隔代抚养祖辈心理健康的关注日益成为学界关注的重点。但目前已有的隔代抚养与祖辈心理健康关系的研究结果仍然无法统一。本研究尝试使用付出回报失衡模型（Effort-Reward Imbalance Model，ERIM）来解释隔代抚养与祖辈心理健康关系中的争议。

研究一基于国内老年人家务劳动版付出-回报失衡量表和国外家务劳动版付出-回报失衡量表进行改编，在145名提供隔代抚养的中老年中施测，并进行了信效度检验等，以适合我国提供隔代抚养的祖辈使用。研究二从广东省珠海市多个社区以及线上招募了315名正在照看或最近一年内照看过（外）孙子/女的祖辈，测量了祖辈隔代抚养版ERI、抑郁和心盛量表，并检验了隔代抚养中的过度承诺在付出-回报失衡分别对祖辈抑郁和心盛预测关系中的调节效应，得出以下发现。

第一，改编后的祖辈隔代抚养版ERI量表分为付出（7题）、回报和过度承诺（4题）三个维度。其中，回报维度包括三个子维度，分别是隔代抚养的内在价值（4题）、儿女的爱（2题）和孙辈的爱（5题）。经检验，全量表和各维度的内部一致性信度均高于0.80，模型拟合良好（χ² =445.43，df=200，CFI=0.94，TLI=0.93，RMSEA=0.06，SRMR=0.07），该量表具有较好的信效度。

第二，祖辈隔代抚养ERI与祖辈的年龄、自评健康、隔代抚养数量呈显著负相关，与慢性病数量呈显著正相关。同时，ERI与祖辈的抑郁呈显著正相关，与心盛呈显著负相关。

第三，过度承诺对ERI和抑郁、ERI和心盛之间的关系均有显著的调节作用。祖辈的过度承诺水平越高，ERI对抑郁的正向预测作用和对心盛的负向预测作用越弱。

因此，本研究发现隔代抚养过程中的付出-回报失衡影响祖辈的心理健康，而且这一关系随祖辈自身的过程承诺水平增强而减弱。本研究具有理论和实践意义，有助于呼吁家庭和社会关注中老年人在隔代抚养过程中的主观付出和回报感，从而促进中老年群体的心理健康。

In recent years, with the comprehensive opening of the "three-child" policy, due to female employment, economic burden, and the increase of single-parent families, it has become a very common social phenomenon for grandparents to raise their grandchildren. More and more attention has been paid to grandparenting. However, the existing research about the relationship between grandchild care and grandparents' mental health is still inconclusive and controversial. This study attempts to use Effort-Reward Imbalance Model(ERIM) to explain the debate on the relationship between grandchild care and grandparents' mental health.

Study 1 adapted to the ERI Scale of Grandparenting based on the ERI scale of housework for the elderly and the ERI scale for mothers. One hundred and forty-five middle-aged and elderly people who supported grandparenting from 1 community in Zhuhai City were tested. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and other data analyses were carried out for the ERI scale of grandparenting. Study 2 recruited 315 grandparents who were looking after or had looked after their grandchildren in the last year from 5 communities in Zhuhai City and online to measure the ERI Scale of Grandparenting, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale, and Flourishing Scale and tested the moderating effects of overcommitment on the relationship between ERI and depression, between ERI and psychological well-being. The following conclusions were drawn.

First, the ERI Scale of Grandparenting, with good reliability and validity, has three dimensions: effort(7 items), reward(11 items)and overcommitment(4 items). The reward dimension includes three sub-dimensions, which are intrinsic value of grandparenting(4 items), love of children(2 items), and love of grandchildren(5 items). The options from "never" to "always" are scored as 1-5, and the higher the ERI, the stronger the sense of imbalance in effort and reward. The internal consistency coefficients of the scale and subscale were higher than 0.8. Model fits well(χ² =445.43, df=200, CFI=0.94, TLI=0.93, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.07).The scale has good reliability and validity.

Second, the ERI of grandparents is significantly negatively correlated with age, self-rated health, and the number of grandparenting, and significantly positively correlated with the number of chronic diseases. At the same time, ERI was significantly positively correlated with grandparents' depression and negatively correlated with psychological well-being.

Third, overcommitment regulates the connection between ERI and depression, ERI and psychological well-being. The higher the overcommitment, the weaker the positive prediction of depression by ERI and the negative prediction of psychological well-being by ERI.

Therefore, this study found that the ERI affected grandparents’ mental health. And this relationship weakens with the increase in grandparents' commitment level. This study has theoretical and practical significance, which appeals to families and society to pay attention to the subjective sense of effort and reward of grandparents, thus promoting the mental health of middle-aged and elderly people.