本文重点探究中国西汉到清代重大气象灾害的时间和空间的分布规律和特征，以及对比气温变化序列，对其时空特征做出一定的分析。研究历史上的气候稳定期和转折期的灾害特征对比当今的现状，可能开辟出一条新的途径。基于《中国古代重大自然灾害和异常年表总集》建立气象灾害数据库，运用数理统计和空间分析方法进行研究，结果显示：西汉至清代中国发生1647次重大气象灾害，发生频次逐渐增多，尤其是1500年以后频次剧增，可能与记录厚今薄古有关；灾害频次序列的波动特点与气候背景、社会稳定有关；我国古代最多发的气象灾害是旱灾、风灾和冷害，气象灾害多发于夏季，但是不同灾种发生的季节差异显著；灾害频发区位于沿海省份和黄河、长江中下游。这样的特点，首先是受到我国自然地理格局和灾种的影响，其次在明清之前，受人口分布和政治经济中心的影响也较大。对比气温变化序列，可以得出以下结论：温度越高，灾害发生的频率越低，温度越低，灾害发生的频率越高；从灾种结构来说，暖期多热灾、雨灾和旱灾，冷期多冷灾和雹灾；气候稳定时期发生灾害的频率小于转折时期，但二者的差距不大。

This article mainly discusses regular pattern and feature of serious meteorological disasters' time and spatial distribution from Western Han to Qing Dynasty, comparing the sequence of the changing temperature, discussing the space-time features. It may open up a new way with comparing today's status quo and research which about the climate stable period and turning period of the disaster characteristics in the history. Basing on < Collection of ancient Chinese major natural disasters and abnormal chronology >, establishing database of meteorological disasters, this article uses mathematical analysis and spatial analysis. The result shows rising frequency of the 1647 serious disasters from Han to Qing dynasty, which drastically increased after the year of 1500. The change may be due to the history record which is few in the ancient time .The fluctuating character of the disaster frequency sequence is related to the climate and the stability of the society. The article demonstrates that drought, wind and cold are main meteorological disasters in ancient China. Meteorological disasters more occurred in the summer, but significant the different hazard occurrence of seasonal differences. In addition, they are likely to occur in the coastal provinces and the middle and lower reaches of Yellow river and Yangtze river. Firstly, these characteristics were mainly influenced by Chinese geography features and the variety of the disaster. Secondly, before Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was mainly influenced by the population distribution, the political and economic center. Compared the temperature change sequences, we can draw the following conclusions: first, the higher temperatures, the lower frequency of disasters; while vice versa. Second, from mined-out area structure, plagues of heat, rain and drought usually occur in warm period, whereas cold and hail disasters occur in cold period. Third, it is likely to arouse a disaster in the turning period instead of stable period; but the difference is not obvious.