作为重要的清洁能源，风能的开发利用一直以来备受关注。现有研究表明，气候变化会直接影响风能的时空分布特征，因此定量描述气候变化与风能的关系对合理、高效开发风能资源有重要意义。首先，本文结合线性趋势方法、Mann-Kendall检验法和空间插值法，分析了中国1981~2020年的气温﹑降水、风速和平均风能密度的时空变化趋势。然后，采用相关性分析和回归分析的方法研究了气温、风速与风能密度之间的关系。最后，探讨了中国风能密度的影响因素。结果表明：1981~2020年，中国年均及四季平均气温显著升高，平均风速与平均风能密度总体呈显著下降趋势，且平均风速与风能密度的变化趋势在2011年前后均出现逆转；气温与风速、风能密度呈极显著的负相关，气温上升1℃时，风速减小0.04 m/s，风能密度降低1.01 W/m²；影响中国风能资源下降的原因主要包括气候变暖引起的东亚季风环流的变化以及下垫面的改变。本研究对指导我国未来风能资源的开发利用具有一定的理论指导意义。

 

As an important clean energy source, the development and utilization of wind energy has always been of great concern. Existing studies show that climate change directly affects the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of wind energy, so it is important to quantitatively describe the impact of climate on wind energy for rational and efficient development of wind energy resources. Firstly, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal trends of temperature, precipitation, surface wind speed, and average wind energy density in China from 1981 to 2020 using the linear trend method, the Mann-Kendall test and the spatial interpolation method. Then, the relationships between temperature, wind speed and wind energy density are investigated using correlation and regression analysis methods. Finally, the factors influencing wind energy density in China are discussed. The results show that from 1981 to 2020, the annual average and seasonal average temperature in China increased significantly, the average wind speed and average wind energy density showed a significant overall decreasing trend, and the trend of wind speed and wind energy density were reversed around 2011; there is a highly significant negative correlation between temperature and wind speed and wind energy density, with a 1°C increase in temperature decreasing the average wind speed by 0.04 m/s and the average wind energy density by 1.01 W/m2; the main reasons for the decline of wind energy resources include the change of East Asian monsoon circulation caused by climate warming and the change of subsurface. This study has some theoretical guidance for guiding the future development and utilization of wind energy resources in China.