近年来在北京这样的一线城市中单身高知女性的数量急剧增加，由于在传统婚恋市场当中普遍存在着“择偶梯度”的现象，即男性更倾向于寻找在各方面条件比自己低一个等级的女性，随着高校女性比例反超男性，有可能会有更多高学历的女性因这种结构性的剩余而难以进入婚姻关系。为了探究单身高知女性的生活现状、婚恋观以及该群体的产生机制，本研究通过质性研究方法对16位北京单身高知女性进行了深度访谈，她们的学历皆为硕士及以上。同时在乌尔里希·贝克（Ulrich Beck）的个体化理论的基础上进行分析和讨论。个体化理论强调既有社会形式的解体，个体被迫为自己承担责任、为自己而活。 经过对于访谈资料的深入分析，本研究看到了“长期的高等教育”对于单身高知女性的生活现状及婚恋观的重要影响，以及社会维度的复杂因素和她们婚恋观的主观个体化特征，并在单身高知女性群体的生活现状、婚恋观以及产生机制三个方面得出以下结论： 1.生活现状方面，单身高知女性群体所在的城市生活具有流动性、竞争性、原子化的特点，导致她们对于婚恋方面的投入开始减少，并因社会链接弱化和生活的不稳定性产生孤独感和焦虑感。她们不因寂寞而将就，过着低社交的宅生活，理性独立、积极进取。长期的教育使得她们拥有良好的就业条件，注重个人发展，但也成为婚恋市场中的不利因素。她们自身处于传统和现代的冲击之中，社会变迁带来的代际差异使得她们无榜样可参考。 2.单身高知女性的婚恋观方面，同时具有“进取的自我”与“欲望的自我”的特点，共同构成了其主观个体化的特征。她们择偶标准模糊，青睐上进努力和精神世界丰富的异性；注重愉悦的情感体验，强调三观对等与精神契合；婚姻动力不足，希望婚姻双方共同进步、共担责任，同时不愿因为家庭而放弃自己的事业；对于婚前性行为接受度高，但态度谨慎。 3.单身高知女性的产生机制方面，在个体化的社会背景之下，“主观个体化程度——自我承担力——同梯度异性资源”三个维度共同作用于单身高知女性群体的婚恋问题，单身高知女性由于同时具备主观个体化程度高、自我承担力强、以及同梯度异性资源少的特征，使得她们更难进入婚恋关系当中。

In recent years, the number of single intellectual females in the first-tier cities such as Beijing has increased sharply. Because of the “mating gradient”prevailing in the traditional marriage market, men tend to look for women who are lower in grades than themselves. As the proportion of female college students exceeds that of men, there may be more highly educated women who are difficult to enter into marriage because of this structural surplus. In order to explore the living status of the single intellectual females, the view of marriage and love, and the forming mechanism of the group, this study conducted an in-depth interview with 16 Beijing single intellectual females through qualitative research methods. Their academic qualifications are both master's degree and above.At the same time, Ulrich Beck's individualized theory is applied for analysis and discussion.Individualized theory emphasizes that while social forms are disintegrated, individuals are forced to take responsibility for themselves, and people begin to live for themselves. After an in-depth analysis of the interview data, this study saw the important influence of "long-term higher education" on the living conditions and the view of marriage and love of single intellectual females,as well as the complex factors of social dimension and the subjective individualized characteristics of their love and marriage. And the following conclusions are drawn in three aspects: the living status of the single intellectual females, the view of marriage and love, and the forming mechanism: 1.In terms of living status, the urban life of the single intellectual females is characterized by mobility, competitiveness, and atomization, which leads to their reduced investment in marriage and love, and loneliness due to the weakening of social links and the instability of life. And anxiety. They will not be lonely because of loneliness, live a low-social home life, rational independence, and aggressive. Long-term education makes them have good employment conditions, aggressive and personal development, and also become a disadvantage in the marriage and love market. They are in the midst of traditional and modern shocks, and the intergenerational differences brought about by social changes make them no role to refer to. 2.The view of the marriage and love of the single intellectual females, as well as the characteristics of “enterprising self” and “desire self”, constitute the characteristics of subjective individualization. Their mate selection criteria are vague, and favor men who work hard and have a rich spiritual world.They pay attention to the emotional experience of pleasure, emphasize the compatibility of the three outlooks and the spirit, the motivation of marriage is not enough, and hope that both parties can make progress together and share responsibility, and at the same time do not want to The family gives up their careers and accepts high premarital sex, but with a cautious attitude.? 3.In the forming mechanism of the single intellectual females, under the individualized social background, the three dimensions of “subjective individualization-self bearing ability -gradient heterosexual resources ”work together on the marriage and love of single intellectual females. The problem is that single intellectual females are more difficult to enter into the relationship or get married because of their high subjective individualization, strong self bearing ability, and low gradient heterosexual resources.