识字是阅读和写作的基础，词汇量积累到一定程度，就可以顺畅地读书看报，学习其他科学文化知识，也可以在此基础上灵活运用学到的语言知识，表达观点、抒发情感。因此，字词教学在中小学的语文教学中是基础，也是关键。但是从初中生的书写现状来看，字词教学的效果并不乐观。笔者在教育实习期间，发现初中生汉字使用不规范的现象十分普遍，其中以写错别字为甚。笔者通过抽样调查的方式研究学生的作文实例，把初中生经常写的错别字分为错字和别字两大类，再根据形成原因进一步细分。通过调查研究，总结出了一些规律，包括学生写错别字的概率很高、错别字基本都是应该掌握的常用字、别字数量大于错字等，并且发现教师对学生写错别字的现象并不重视。在此基础上，笔者总结出了初中生汉字使用不规范的一些原因，包括客观环境和主观因素两个方面。客观环境指汉字本身的特点以及语言的使用环境，主观因素是指学习主体、课堂教学和考试制度等方面。汉字使用不规范，主要是由主观方面的原因造成的，在解决措施上，也要针对主观方面的原因对症下药。结合前人对字词教学的一些看法，笔者提出了一些建议：在字词教学层面，要集中学习提高效率，以突破字义为教学重点，教学过程体现人文性；在写作教学层面，教师要提高重视程度，加强学生的书写训练；在课程设置层面，可以适当增设书法课或加强书法学习；在课外学习层面，可通过多种多样的主题活动和社会调查，以自主、综合性学习的方式进行字词教学；在考试制度层面，加强对字形的考查和对错别字的扣分力度，以中考为指挥棒，提高广大师生对识字写字的重视程度。总之，语言文字是现代社会的交际工具，在社会上发挥着无可替代的重要作用。在中学语文教学中，应该重视基础的字词教学，让学生能够书写正确、规范的汉字。

Literacy is the foundation of reading and writing, people can read books smoothly, learn other scientific and cultural knowledge, express points of view and emotions when they know a great deal of words. Therefore, character teaching is very important in elementary and secondary school Chinese teaching. However, the result of character teaching is far from being satisfactory.During my educational internship, I find that the irregular use of Chinese character by Junior High School students is a general phenomenon, especially Chinese character’s writing errors. Through a sample survey by students’ compositions, I divided the mistakenly-words into two types: the wrong character and the wrongly-written character. There are some conclusions: the probability of writing mistakenly-words is very high, the most of them are commonly used, and teachers don’t attach importance to this phenomenon. The reasons are complex, including external and internal factors, such as the feature of Chinese character, linguistic environment, students’ learning attitude, teaching methods, and so on. It’s time we took steps to solve this problem, such as improve the efficiency of Chinese character leaning, make students know the meaning of words thoroughly, strengthen the training of writing, learn Chinese character by activities and practices, improve the examination on Chinese writing. In brief, words are tools that we use to communicate, it is important and irreplaceable. We should pay more attention to character teaching, so students can write correctly and regularly.