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中文题名:

 中国超大城市就业极化的区域比较    

姓名:

 刘梦圆    

保密级别:

 公开    

论文语种:

 中文    

学科代码:

 070502    

学科专业:

 人文地理学    

学生类型:

 硕士    

学位:

 理学硕士    

学位类型:

 学术学位    

学位年度:

 2018    

校区:

 北京校区培养    

学院:

 地理科学学部    

研究方向:

 区域分析与规划    

第一导师姓名:

 张华    

第一导师单位:

 北京师范大学地理科学学部    

提交日期:

 2018-06-05    

答辩日期:

 2018-05-24    

外文题名:

 A REGIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EMPLOYMENT POLARIZATION IN MEGACITIES OF CHINA    

中文关键词:

 超大城市 ; 就业结构 ; 就业极化 ; 北京    

中文摘要:
20世纪末,发达国家和地区的就业结构继“升级”后出现了“极化”现象,即就业的高端和低端部分的比例同时上升,而中间层部分的比例下降的现象。这对中国超大城市“疏散低端产业”的人口调控措施提出了挑战。由于发展阶段的差异,就业极化的研究在中国还较为少见。鉴于此,对中国超大城市就业极化特征的研究是对此类研究的补充,也对更好地认识超大城市发展规律,指导与产业和人口有关的城市规划工作有重要意义。 本文利用人口普查和人口抽样调查数据、统计年鉴数据、流动人口监测数据等,通过图表分析、比较分析等方法,用就业的职业类型来划分就业层次,以中国的超大城市——北京、上海、广州和深圳为研究对象,对中国超大城市的就业结构演变过程进行了比较分析,回答了中国的超大城市是否出现了就业极化现象这一问题;同时以北京为例,对超大城市内部的就业极化特征和高低技能就业的空间分布格局演变进行了探究;之后结合相关理论分析此类现象的形成机制,并对超大城市人口和产业调控政策提出了意见和建议。 文章的主要结论分为以下三方面:(1)自2000年以来,中国的超大城市普遍出现了高技能和低技能就业比重均增加,而中技能就业比重减少的就业极化现象,但各大城市的极化程度和方向却各有不同。深圳的极化程度最大,高低技能就业比重增加均较大;北京的就业极化偏向高端就业,高技能就业比重增加较大;上海的就业极化偏向中高端,高技能就业比重增加较大,中等就业比重减少较小;广州的低技能就业极化偏向低端,低技能就业比重增加较大。(2)在北京城市内部,就业极化现象在各区域并不是均质的。除生态发展涵养区外,其他几个功能区均发生了就业极化现象。城市发展新区的极化程度要明显大于首都功能核心区和城市功能拓展区。此外伴随着就业极化,高低技能就业集聚区均向郊区扩散,但低技能就业集聚区向郊区扩散的程度要大于高技能。(3)导致就业极化出现的原因复杂多样。区域的经济全球化程度、外来人口状况、产业发展政策和人力资本因素会综合导致就业极化的出现,此外中国超大城市就业结构的极化特征深受户籍制度等调控措施的影响;在城市内部,除受上述各因素的影响外,高低技能就业的空间再分配也对不同区域的就业极化起了重要的作用。
外文摘要:
At the end of the 20th century, after the ‘upgrading’ of employment structure, the employment ‘polarization’ has emerged in developed countries and regions. It means both the top and bottom ends of the jobs are growing at the expense of the mid-level jobs. It poses a challenge to the population control measure called ‘evacuation of lower class industries’ in megacities of China. Due to the different stages of development,there are few researches on employment polarization in China. In view of this, we conduct a study on employment polarization in Chinese megacities. It is complementary to studies on employment polarization, important to better understand the development process of Chinese megacities and will be helpful to urban planning associated with industry and population. Data used in this paper come from National Population Census, 1% National Population Sample Survey, Migrants Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey, statistical yearbook of every regions, etc. taking Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen as examples, using occupation type to divide employment level, this paper explores the evolution of the employment structure in Chinese megacities to answer the question whether employment polarization occurs there through some methods such as chart analysis and comparative analysis. Then, taking Beijing as an example, we explore the evolution of employment polarization and the spatial distribution pattern of high and low skilled labor forces within megacities of China. Moreover, combined with relevant theories, we analyst the formation mechanism of this phenomenon and put forward opinions and suggestions on population and industry control policies in Chinese megacities. The main conclusions of the article are divided into the following three parts: (1) since 2000, the megacities in China have generally experienced employment polarization which means the proportion of high-skilled and low-skilled employmentincreases, while the proportion of medium-skilled employment decrease, but the degree and direction of the polarization in each megacities are different. Shenzhen has the greatest degree of employment polarization. The proportion of high-skilled and lowskilled employment increased the most. The direction of employment polarization in Beijing is biased towards high-skilled-end, and the proportion of high-skilled employment increased more. The direction of employment polarization in Shanghai is biased towards mid-to-high end. The proportion of high-skilled employment increased more, and the proportion of middle-skilled employment reduced less. The direction of employment polarization in Guangzhou is biased towards low-skilled-end, and the proportion of low-skilled employment increased more. (2) Within Beijing, employment polarization is not homogeneous in all regions. Employment polarization has occurred in several other functional areas except the ecological development conservation areas. The degree of polarization in the new urban development area is significantly greater than the functional core area of the capital and the functional expansion area of the city. In addition, with the polarization of employment, high- and low-skilled employment agglomeration areas are redistributed, and low-skilled employment agglomeration areas are spreading to suburbs to a greater extent than high-skilled ones.(3) The causes of employment polarization are complex and diverse. Economic globalization, floating population, industry development policy, and human capital factors all contribute to the emergence of employment polarization. At the internal levels of the megacity, in addition to being influenced by the above factors, the spatial redistribution of highskilled and low-skilled labors has also played an important role in the employment polarization in different regions.
参考文献总数:

 0    

馆藏号:

 硕070502/18007    

开放日期:

 2019-07-09    

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