聚合物的合成一直是高分子材料的基础。近几十年对于高分子材料合成，关注点已发生了改变，科研工作者们更愿意通过一些新的聚合方法来制备不同性能的高分子材料。尤其是利用活性/可控的聚合方法，可以得到分子量可控且分布较窄的聚合物。所制备的高分子材料，往往都有着较为出色的结构、性质和应用。 本文主要是利用可控聚合制备具有聚集诱导发光（AIE）特性和拓扑结构的聚合物。具体内容如下： （1）通过活性开环易位聚合（ROMP）方法，合成了一系列分子结构规整的AIE均聚物和两亲性嵌段共聚物。所使用的单体是降冰片烯类单体，其中单体M1、M2、M3和M4分别含有联苯乙烯基蒽（DSA）、1,2,3,4,5-五苯基噻咯（PPS）、四苯乙烯（TPE）和四苯乙烯派生物（TPE-red）AIE荧光团，单体M5含有亲水的PEG侧链。对均聚物poly(M1)、poly(M2)、poly(M3)和poly(M4)的AIE性质进行了系统的研究。由于含有poly(M1)、poly(M2)疏水链和poly(M5)亲水链，嵌段共聚物poly(M1)-b-poly(M5)和poly(M2)-b-poly(M5)在选择溶剂THF/H2O中可以进行自组装。通过改变嵌段比例和组成，可形成不同形貌的具有AIE特性的纳米粒子，包括球形胶束、柱状胶束和囊泡。 （2）通过ROMP方法，运用一锅法制备了一种具有AIE特性的星型聚合物。该星型聚合物具有pH和金属离子响应性，同时它在水中具有良好的分散性且可以稳定存在。星型聚合物的内核部分主要是由硫酸根和TPE单元构成。当加入金属离子（如Gd2+, Sn2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Ni2+以及In3+）时，由于硫酸根基团与这些金属离子可以发生络合效应，从而使该星型聚合物表现出AIE特性。并且随着金属离子浓度的增加，体系的荧光强度会呈线性增强，因此该星型聚合物可以在水溶液中对金属离子进行定量检测。 （3）制备了一种含有环丙烯酮修饰的二苯基环辛炔末端基功能化的可逆加成断裂链转移聚合（RAFT）试剂。利用此RAFT试剂对苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸叔丁酯这三种典型的乙烯基类自由基聚合单体进行RAFT聚合。三类单体都表现出活性聚合行为，且所得的聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚丙烯酸叔丁酯的末端都含有环丙烯酮修饰的二苯基环辛炔结构。在紫外光照射下，环丙烯酮修饰的二苯基环辛炔末端基可以定量的转变成二苯基环辛炔。这种基团广泛用于不含金属的张力促使的叠氮-炔环加成（SPAAC）点击反应。随后，利用二苯基环辛炔末端修饰的聚合物作为大分子引发剂，开发了一种基于SPAAC点击反应的实用的、高效的、不含金属的方法来合成具有拓扑结构的聚合物。

The synthesis of polymer has been the basis of polymer materials. In recent decades, the focus on synthesis of polymer materials has changed, the scientific researchs prefer to use some new polymerization methods to obtain different polymer materials. Especially living/controlled polymerization methods, not only can controll the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, but also can get the well-defined polymers. And the obtained polymer materials tend to have more excellent structures, properties and applications. In this paper, we use controlled polymerization to synthesize the polymers with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties and topological structures. Specific abstract goes as follows: 1. A series of well-defined AIE homopolymers and amphiphilic diblock copolymers were developed based on the living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene-based monomers M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5, in which distyrenneanthracene (DSA) AIE fluorogen (in M1), 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphenylsiole (PPS) AIE fluorogen (in M2), tetraphenylethene (TPE) AIE fluorogen (in M3) and tetraphenylethene derivative (TPE-red) AIE fluorogen (in M4) were designed as hydrophobic side groups and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (in M5) as hydrophilic side chain, respectively. The AIE properties of homopolymers poly(M1), poly(M2), poly(M3) and poly(M4) were studied systematically. Various morphology AIE-active nanoparticles, including spherical micelles, cylindrical micelles and vesicles, were obtained by self-assembling poly(M1)-b-poly(M5) and poly(M2)-b-poly(M5) with different block ratio and composition in selective solvents of THF/H2O. 2. Using one-pot strategy, a star polymer with AIE property was developed by ROMP. The star polymer has pH and metal ion responsive fluorescence, also has good dipersibility and can be stable in water. The core is constituted by sulfate and TPE groups, which are distributed randomly. When adding Gd2+, Sn2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ and In3+, sulfate group can have complexation effect, the star polymer can exhibit AIE fluorescence property. Also, when increasing the concentration of metal ions, the fluorescence intensity can linearly increased. So the star polymer can determine the concentrations of metal ions in water. 3. Functional reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) agent was developed to have a cyclopropenone-masked dibenzocyclooctyne end group. RAFT polymerization was then explored on three typical types of vinyl monomers in free radical polymerization such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, and tert-butyl acrylate. The living polymerization behaviors were demonstrated for all three cases, which guaranteed the production of well-defined polystyrene, poly (methyl methacrylate), and poly (tert-butyl acrylate) end-functionalized with cyclopropenone-masked dibenzocyclooctyne groups from the convenient RAFT polymerization technique. Under UV irradiation, the cyclopropenonemasked dibenzocyclooctyne end group could be quantitatively changed to dibenzocyclooctyne clickable group, which was widely used in the metal-free strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) click reaction. Subsequently, using the dibenzocyclooctyne end-functionalized polymers as building blocks, a practical and efficient metal-free method was developed for the formation of topological polymers based on the SPAAC click reaction.