近年来，环境污染逐渐加剧，能源需求不断增长，国内外的研究人员开始探索高效利用纤维素生物质的方法，而生物降解法以其污染小、条件温和成为目前的研究热点。本研究利用取自热泉环境样本的纤维素降解菌单细胞基因组测序数据（Doud et al., 2020），通过比较基因组学方法，即一方面在序列水平上进行全基因组比对，另一方面在基因水平上进行功能注释比对，分析各基因组在结构和功能层面的异同，以揭示环境样本中纤维素降解菌基因组的多样性。研究发现，所用六株菌的基因组在结构上共线性关系较差，存在大量的倒位和缺失现象；COG功能注释显示，其中三株菌的碳水化合物的运输与代谢[G]的分类基因占比明显高于其他几个；在注释并分析纤维素降解相关酶后，对各菌的纤维素降解通路进行预测，发现不同的菌株之间存在很大差异。该研究为以后的基因组多样性和纤维素降解菌筛选研究提供参考。

Recently, with the increasing energy demand, researchers began to explore the efficient use of cellulose biomass. Biodegradation of cellulose became popular because of its low pollution and mild condition. Here, we applied the single-cell genome sequencing data of cellulose-degrading bacteria from hot pool samples (Doud et al., 2020) to analyze the structural and functional differences between genomes by comparative genomics. We performed whole-genome alignment (WGA) at the genomic sequence level, and gene annotation to reveal the genomic diversity. It showed that the six strains in this study had poor collinearity with inversion and deletion at a large scale. The COG annotation showed that the proportion of Carbohydrate Transportation and Metabolism [G] genes significantly enriched within the three strains. There was evidence that CAZymes are related to cellulose degradation and we found that the associated pathways predicted were different among the strains. These results may provide helps for further research on genomic diversity and CDB screening.