本报告研究古代希腊人的蛮族观念。各章的要点如下：绪论部分，主要述评前人的研究成果，阐述本报告的结构和研究方法。第一至第三章，研究不同阶段古希腊人蛮族观念的演变及其特征。在“荷马社会”与古风时代，希腊人已逐渐意识到自我与异族的区别，产生了对异族歧视的思想。血缘和文化因素是希腊人区别自我与异族的重要依据。在古典时代，蛮族成为希腊人对其他民族的统称，具有明显的歧视意思。此时期文化因素较之血缘因素更为重要，政治因素对希腊人认识自我与异族也起了重要影响。在希腊化时代，希腊人蛮族观念中的文化、血缘与政治因素表现出更为复杂的联系，已具有差异化的特点。在罗马统治时期，希腊人的蛮族观念出现了新的特征，但血缘、文化和政治仍然是他们区别自我与异族的重要因素。第四章，研究古希腊的“各别主义”、“泛希腊主义”和“世界主义”。 “各别主义”与“泛希腊主义”可并行不悖，且均对希腊人的蛮族观念产生了重要影响；“世界主义”则主要存在于斯多葛学派思想之中。第五章，略论希腊周边民族的异族观念。这些民族异族观念的具体内容不尽相同，然而均蕴含了血缘、文化和政治因素三者的交织及其消长。第六章，比较古希腊人的蛮族观念与先秦华夏人的夷狄观念。此两种观念均含有对异族歧视的意思，然而亦有区别。华夏与夷狄的区别主要在文化方面，故两者的身份具有相互转换的可能。先秦时期天下共主的思想成为华夏与夷狄融合的重要基础。希腊人与蛮族之间的血缘界限始终没有完全消除。古代希腊缺乏天下共主的思想，这是影响希腊人与蛮族融合的重要原因。本报告的创新之处主要有两点：一是研究思路分为三个依次递进的层次，从历史层面进入思想层面，进而在思想层面与其他民族的异族观念，特别是先秦华夏人的夷狄观念作出比较，从而较为深入地揭示了古代希腊人蛮族观念的特点。二是重视希腊人的蛮族观念中血缘、文化和政治三者在不同历史时期的联系及其变化，从而揭示古希腊人蛮族观念的变化及其原因。

This report considers idea of barbarians in Ancient Greece.Introduction includes the literature reviews, and a brief introduction of methodology and structure of this report.A research on perception of barbarians in various ages occupies chapters 1-3. The Greeks gradually recognize the differences between barbarians and themselves in Homer Age and Archaic, the primary criterions of identity were blood and culture. While in Classical Age, all the other ethnics were regarded as barbarians, who were discriminated, for the distinction between Greeks and barbarians, in addition to the common blood and culture, political interests also played an important role. And in the Hellenistic Age, the blood, culture and political were complex primary criterions of identity. While for the Greeks under the rule of Rome, there were some new features of their perception of barbarians. The fourth chapter surveys three ideas, Particularism, Panhellenism and Cosmopolitism, Particularism and Panhellenism co-existed within the thought of Greeks, both of them influenced the idea of barbarians, while Cosmopolitism indwell in Stoics.The fifth chapter discuss idea of others in other ethnics around Greeks, which were various, but blood, culture and political are criterions of their identity. The last chapter makes a comparative study on idea of barbarians(Yidi) in ancient Greece and China. Though both of them are perceptions of others who were discriminated, there are some differences between them. The primary criterions of Huaxia’s identity was culture, and there were common rulers of Huaxia and Yidi, so it’s possible there was interconversion of them. And the interconversion of Greeks and barbarians was unaccepted by Greeks, for blood had been a criterions of identity all the time, and there’s no common ruler between Greeks.There are two innovation in this report. First, it elaborates on the relationship between different ethnic groups, then deals with the perception of others in ancient Greeks, then applies a comparative research. Second, paying attention to the role of blood, culture, politics, as the criterions of identity in various ages, which reveals why were idea of others changing.