中国农村安全饮水的严峻形势在很多地方都普遍存在。阻碍百姓喝上“放心水”的因素很多，如化工企业的污染、饮用水设施基础差、管理不规范、化肥和农药过度使用以及水质监测落后等。我国有约50.32%的人口生活在农村地区，因此农村饮用水水质改善直接关系到几亿农民的身体健康和农村经济社会的持续发展。本文以松滋市为研究区域，运用条件价值评估法（CVM）定量研究农村饮用水水质改善过程中农村居民的支付意愿及其影响因素，以期为有关政府制定饮用水改善政策提供决策参考。结果表明：1）农村居民普遍认为饮用水水质较不理想，并且对政府改善水质缺乏信心；2）农村居民对饮用水水质改善到能直接饮用的支付意愿为每户每月9.87-18.07元；3）零支付意愿的主要原因是家庭经济原因和对政府信心不足；4）二元Logit回归模型分析结果显示，农村居民的年龄、受教育程度、家庭子女数、家庭年收入都对饮用水水质改善的支付意愿有显著影响。

The grim situation of China's rural safe drinking water is prevalent in many places because of chemical companies, lacking drinking water facilities, excessive fertilizer, pesticide use and lagging water quality monitoring. China is a large agricultural country and almost half of the population living in rural areas. The improvement in the quality of drinking water in rural areas is directly related to the health of hundreds of millions farmers and rural economic and social sustainable development. In this paper, we chose Songzi County whose rural residents account for 75 percent as the study area and used contingent valuation method (CVM) to study rural residents’ willingness to pay quantitatively and its influencing factors in order to supply decision-making references for relevant governments when they are making policies about improving drinking water quality. The results show that: 1) rural residents generally agreed that the drinking water quality which they were worried about was not satisfying and they didn’t have confidence in government to improve water quality; 2)Rural residents’ WTP for direct drinking water is ¥9.87-18.07 per household per month; 3) almost half of respondents chose “zero willingness to pay” and that may be mainly caused by inadequate home income and lack of confidence in government competence ;4) according to the binary logit analysis model, age, education level, children and home-income of rural residents have significant effects on WTP.