东北黑土区是中国重要的商品粮基地,而严重的水土流失给黑土资源可持续利用和国家粮食安全带来了严峻考验。防护林能有效减少农地的风蚀，但效果与林带所处农田位置以及与风向有密切关系，此外，防护林的修建一定程度的还会改变坡面水文过程，进而影响土壤水蚀。弄清防护林带的空间分布特征，揭示其分布现状与风、水的关系，可为黑土区防护林带优化和水土流失治理提供依据。因此本文选择东北黑土漫岗区作为研究区域，基于3×3km普查抽样单元，利用不同时期历史遥感影像和地形图数据,获取该区的防护林带分布数据、农田耕作方式和地形参数等，确定典型黑土区农田防护林分布规律。结果表明:

研究区内林带空间密度从北向南呈现逐渐减小的趋势。平均长度和宽度分别为842.39m和19.63m。防护林带缺少有效的维护，现存林带间断占比高达10%，长势较差的防护林带占据了总数的16.7%。十年之内研究区内防护林带自然增长率为-3.11%，表明该区大部分防护林带需要修补与维护。

（2）防护林带主要分布在坡度2°-3°的农地，占总数的32.2%。从坡位上看，分布在坡顶的防护林带数量占总量的55.2%，达到了一半以上的数量。

（3）农田防护林走向与农田垄向夹角位于0°-20°区间内的数量占总体的55.9%，即防护林走向影响坡面起垄方向。其次是70°-90°度之间，该部分占据了总数量的28.8%。夹角为0-20°范围内的地块中，横坡垄作占据11.04%，顺坡垄作占据12.84%，斜坡垄作占据31.98%，农地的耕作方式均呈现出以斜坡垄作为主。

（4）研究区内主要风向为西南风、西北风和正西风。最大风速呈现先降后升的趋势，在11-2月之间，最大风速基本保持在15m/s以下，而3-5月内，最大风速则达到了17m/s以上。研究区内的防护林带走向与该区域内的风向均呈垂直相交或者斜交的状态，能较大程度的做的防风减灾，提高田间农作物的种植效率。

Black soil region in Northeast China is an important commodity grain base in China, and serious soil erosion has severely tested the sustainable utilization of black soil resources and national food security. Shelterbelt can effectively reduce the wind erosion of farmland, but the effect is closely related to the farmland position where the shelterbelt is located and the wind direction. In addition, the construction of shelterbelt will also change the hydrological process on the slope, thus affecting soil water erosion. Understanding the spatial distribution characteristics of shelterbelt and revealing the relationship between its distribution status and wind and water can provide basis for the optimization of shelterbelt and soil erosion control in black soil area. Therefore, this paper chooses the black soil hilly area in Northeast China as the research area, and based on the sampling unit of 3×3km census, using historical remote sensing images and topographic map data in different periods, obtains the distribution data of shelterbelts, farmland cultivation methods and topographic parameters in this area, and determines the distribution law of farmland shelterbelts in typical black soil areas. The results show that:

(1) The spatial density of forest belts in the study area shows a decreasing trend from north to south, with an average length and width of 842.39m and 19.63m respectively. Shelterbelt is lack of effective maintenance, the existing shelterbelts account for as much as 10%, and the shelterbelts with poor growth account for 16.7% of the total. Within ten years, the natural growth rate of shelterbelts in the study area is -3.11%, indicating that most shelterbelts in this area need to be repaired and maintained.

(2) Shelterbelt is mainly distributed in farmland with gradient of 2-3, accounting for 32.2% of the total. From the slope position, the number of shelterbelts distributed at the top of the slope accounts for 55.2% of the total, reaching more than half.

(3) The included angle between the direction of farmland shelterbelt and the direction of farmland ridging is in the range of 0-20, accounting for 55.9% of the total, that is, the direction of shelterbelt affects the direction of ridging on the slope. Followed by 70-90 degrees, which accounts for 28.8% of the total. In the plots with an included angle of 0-20, ridge cultivation on the transverse slope accounts for 11.04%, ridge cultivation along the slope accounts for 12.84%, and ridge cultivation on the slope accounts for 31.98%. The cultivation methods of agricultural land are mainly slope ridge cultivation.

(4) The main wind directions in the study area are southwest wind, northwest wind and positive west wind. The maximum wind speed shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. During November and February, the maximum wind speed basically stays below 15m/s, while during March and May, the maximum wind speed reaches above 17m/s.. The trend of shelterbelt in the study area and the wind direction in this area are in a state of vertical intersection or oblique intersection, which can prevent wind and reduce disasters to a great extent and improve the planting efficiency of crops in the field.