随着知识经济时代的到来，人们逐渐认识到，技术的变迁是内生于经济发展过程中的。然而对于什么样的产业结构能够促进内生技术的进步，MAR外部性理论和Jacobs外部性两个观点的交锋成为了产业结构内生化演替研究的焦点，即产业多样性与产业专业化之争。虽然许多学者对此进行了大量的实证研究，也没能得出一致的结论。本文通过文献研究以及历史分析和定量分析结合的方法对中国区域产业格局与效益进行了分析。本文首先对产业结构演替研究的历史进行了分析，以技术为主线对产业结构演替理论进行了梳理，把研究分为技术外生的古典和新古典的研究，技术内生的新增长理论的研究，以及技术内生发展路径的演化理论研究，分析了相关多样性理论的先进性。为了选取合适的指标衡量产业结构，文章基于相关多样性概念的特性对原有的相关多样性指标存在的问题进行了分析。原有的指标无法区别经济在产业门类上分布的不同。而从相关多样性概念本身出发，基于辛普森多样性指数的新指标能更好地衡量产业相关多样性。然后以工业为例使用新指标对中国各区域的产业相关多样性进行了计算。并且探讨了经济转型的特殊背景下，各种因素在差异形成中的作用。并且对2003年产业相关多样性在2008和2009年的效益进行了分析。本文得到了如下结论：1）演化经济学思想指导下的相关多样性概念，是解决产业多样性与产业专业化之争的方向。2）中国产业相关多样性呈现出与经济发展相一致的格局，各地市场化进程的差异以及这种差异的持续存在，经济全球化的不均衡以及外生力量和内生力量对比的区域差异，是形成中国产业相关多样性区域格局的重要原因。3）在中国产业相关多样性确实有利于产业经济发展，并且显著性很高。并且这种促进作用并没有因为经济危机对沿海地区的冲击而减弱。4）市场化和区域分割可能是导致在中国相关多样性比西方发达国家有着更显著的促进作用的原因。其中市场化有利于中国产业发展而区域分割则有着相反作用。据此，文章最后指出，各区域需要积极增加产业相关多样性，并改善相关多样性的效益发生的外部条件。

With the knowledge economy era coming, it is generally accepted that the technology change is an internal process of economic development. However, for what kind of industrial structure to promote endogenous technological progress, MAR and Jacobs externalities theory, namely, diversity and industry specialization has become the focus of research within the endogenous evolution. Though many scholars have done a lot of empirical research, but they failed to come to the same conclusion. Through literature research and combination of historical analysis and quantitative analysis, this paper analyse the regional structure and benefits of Chinese industrial structure.In this paper, firstly we research the history of industrial structure evolution theory, and take technology as the main line of the industrial structure theory, we divide the theories into classical economics and neoclassical ones that is based on exogenous technology, the new growth theory which insist that technology is endogenous and the evolution theory about endogenous development path of technology. Based this we analysis the advancement of the notion related variety.In order to get a appropriate measure for industrial structure, this paper analysis the existing problem of the index based on entropy. The results showed that the original index cannot distinguish economies that two regions with industry categories distribution are different but industry distributions in every industry category are same. And from notion of the relevant variety, a new index designed based on the Simpson diversity index is a better measure for industry related diversity. And then we compute the related variety of Chinese industrial with the new index, and discuss the factors’ role of the differences’ forming. Also we analysis the benefits in the year 2008 and 2009 from industrial related variety in the year 2003.Some evaluable conclusions are obtained as following:1) The related variety is the direction to solve the dispute of industrial diversity and industry specialization.2) The regional pattern of industrial related variety is similar to the one of economics, and it’s influenced by marketization and globalization force and the comparison of endogenous and exogenous force.3) Like in the western developed countries, in China the industrial related variety facilitate the economic growth with higher significance. And the role was not subdued in the 2009 economic crisis.4) Marketization and local partitions maybe the causes of the higher significant. Marketization is favor for national economics but local partition not.Accordingly, finally, the article points out that the regions need to increase industrial related veriety, and improve external conditions.