作为生物传感器的一种，免疫传感器具有选择性高、分析速度快、操作简便等特点。免疫传感器结合了生物、化学、医学、电子等多门学科技术，广泛应用于生物医学、环境检测、食品医药等领域。 本文主要就免疫传感器制备过程中的蛋白质固化问题进行了探讨。针对建立的以硅基衬底的二氧化硅、氮化硅基片，用硅烷化试剂进行了表面修饰，进而制备了生物蛋白活性敏感层。通过接触角的测定，初步优化了反应条件。同时，使用光电子能谱（XPS）的方法对修饰后的表面进行了表征分析。这些结果可能对蛋白质固定化技术的发展提供一些有用的参考依据。 论文主要分为三部分： 一．生物传感器概述 概括介绍了生物传感器，并就免疫传感器的定义、原理、蛋白质的固定方法及本论文的工作和意义进行了阐述。 二．表面修饰条件的选择 通过表面接触角的测定，筛选出了表面清洗、修饰及蛋白质固化的最佳反应时间。 三．蛋白质在基片表面的固定化 在优化的实验条件下，成功地在硅基衬底的二氧化硅表面实现了牛血清蛋白质的固化。

With advantages of high specificity, sensitivity, quick response and reduced assay time, the immunosensor has attracted more attention. The immunosensor combines the high selectivity and specificity of immunological reactions with the convenience of electrochemical and spectral techniques. Therefore, the immunosensor has been widely applied in the determination of drug, contaminants in the environmental area, and the fields of clinical analysis and pharmaceutical chemistry. With the rapid development of bio-analytical methods and biosensors, it is desirable to immobilize pure proteins on inorganic surface. In this work, immobilizing proteins on the substrates’ surfaces was discussed. The SiO2、Si3N4 laminas based on silicon wafers were used for surface modification. Active protein layers were made on the SiO2, Si3N4 substrates’ surfaces modified by APTES. Then, we tried to find the best reactions’ conditions by measuring water contact angles. Subsequently, the composition, structure and morphology of the thin film surface have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that BSA proteins were successfully immobilized on the substrate. This method will be especially useful for further protein biomolecule immobilization studies. The paper mainly contains three parts: 1. The introduction of biosensor. This part introduces briefly on the topic of the summarize of the biosensor, the principle of the immunosensor, the modification method and the significance of the paper. 2. The option of the surface modification conditions. By measuring water contact angles, we got the best reactions’ conditions. 3. The immobilization of BSA on the substrate. The BSA had been successfully immobilized on the substrate by the best surface modification conditions.