网络空间是由信息基础设施组合、连接而成的法律拟制空间，包括计算机、信息系统、网络、电子终端设备等，与现实生活紧密结合。网络空间既要遵循计算机数理逻辑和规则地限制，同时也要遵守现实的法律、法规。网络空间共同犯罪泛指两人以上利用计算机和网络技术在网络上实施的共同故意犯罪行为。 当前，网络空间共同犯罪有三个变化需要重点关注： 第一，网络空间共同犯罪关系的新表现。共同犯罪关系呈现出来技术行为的地位核心化、帮助关系的双层角色、教唆关系的网络化等变化。 第二，网络空间共同犯罪特征的新发展。共同犯罪主体呈现智能化、集团化、聚合化的特点；共同故意表现出形式复杂、内容模糊的特征；共同行为的组合呈现出网络技术化特点。 第三，网络空间共同犯罪人的新情形。网络空间对共同正犯、教唆犯、帮助犯的地位和作用影响较大，需要完善认定标准。 另，立法和司法解释对于网络空间共同犯罪地回应，相互之间地规定有冲突和不协调地方。这些都是网络空间普及与发展带来共同犯罪立法、司法和理论上地影响。 本文以传统共同犯罪理论为基础，明确网络空间的刑法属性、计算机网络技术行为的刑法意义，对网络空间的共同犯罪进行调研、分析，研究网络空间共同犯罪的现状、特点以及司法、立法和理论上所遇问题，厘清网络空间共同犯罪关系本质，明确网络空间共同犯罪的特征、共犯的认定标准。本文主要分为四个部分： 第一部分，网络空间暨网络空间共同犯罪。网络空间属于虚拟空间，从法律的角度来看，网络空间是具有法律意义和效力的拟制。本部分主要论述刑法视域下的网络空间、概述网络空间的犯罪和网络空间共同犯罪的现状。 第一，网络空间具有实质刑法意义。网络空间的主体、运行秩序、组成规则及网络空间的联络方式、网络技术行为等，这些既是网络空间的组成内容也是网络空间的实际存在形式，都切实表明网络空间具有客观存在的现实刑法意义。网络空间的安全是需要刑法保护的重要法益，网络安全关系国家安全、社会安全，关系着国计民生。 第二，网络空间的犯罪日益呈现出分工精细化、利益链条化、操作专业化等特点。网络犯罪年年持续递增，影响越来越大，已经成为我国较为严重的犯罪类型。 第三，共同犯罪成为网络空间重要的犯罪形式。网络空间独有的特征以及网络空间的犯罪必须与现实世界结合才能够实现犯罪所追求利益，使得共同犯罪成为网络空间重要的犯罪形式。鉴于网络空间共同犯罪影响了传统刑法共同犯罪理论，需完善相应的刑法理论。 第二部分，网络空间共同犯罪的关系。本部分主要分析网络空间共同犯罪的关系新变化，解释新变化对于共同犯罪关系的影响，研究网络空间共同犯罪关系的内涵。 第一，网络空间促使共同犯罪关系产生新变化，网络技术行为地位核心化、帮助关系的双层化、教唆关系的网络化。 第二，修正的行为共同说是评价网络空间共同犯罪关系较合适的理论依据。 第三，网络空间共同犯罪关系的结构。主观方面行为人必须具有共同实施行为的共同故意；客观方面表现为构成要件要素的危害行为之间的关系。 第三部分，网络空间共同犯罪的特征。网络空间共同犯罪认定是理论和司法的难点，究其原因在于网络空间带来共同犯罪标准的变化。本部分以我国传统共同犯罪理论为基础，现有的法律规定为主要判断依据，对网络空间共同犯罪主体、共同故意、共同行为进行细致研究。 第一，网络空间共同犯罪主体表现出来人工智能性、集团性、聚众性等特点。人工智能可以参与共同犯罪，当前人工智能参与共同犯罪的责任归于掌控人工智能的行为人。刑法需要加强对网络聚众犯罪、网络犯罪集团、网络服务提供者的规制。 第二，网络空间共同犯罪的主观方面必须具有共同故意，大数据等技术手段可以帮助认定共同故意的形成。 第三，网络空间共同犯罪的共同行为是共同故意指导下实施的危害行为。危害行为说为认定基础，修正行为关系说为分析依据。 第四部分，网络空间共同犯罪的共犯。网络空间共同犯罪人，包括共同正犯、帮助犯以及教唆犯。确定共犯的认定标准和地位对于追究共犯的刑事责任具有重要的作用。 第一，共同正犯。共同正犯的“明知”需要对共同行为人、身份及与他人共同实施犯罪有认识；行为的性质以社会危害性作为标准进行判断。 第二，帮助犯。严格帮助犯的认定标准，传统共同犯罪理论是认定帮助行为性质的基础，法律明确规定独立成罪为特例。统一相关法律条文和司法解释适用标准。 第三，教唆犯。网络空间的教唆行为需要明确教唆故意，教唆故意的认定标准包括教唆对象的范围、概率性等因素。网络空间特有联络方式适用于教唆犯罪，教唆者清晰传递和表达教唆内容既可视为完成犯意传递。 网络空间共同犯罪对于法律、法规具有一定的影响，一方面源于法律、法规本身就具有需要修改的因素，另一方面也是网络空间需要法律具有适应时代发展变化的要求。刑法需要扩大对于网络安全的保护范围，完善刑罚与相关罪名设置，增设职业禁止和罚金刑等处罚方法。网络安全的相关内容可规定在刑法总则里，提升网络安全刑法地位。

The cyberspace is a legal quasi-manufactured space formed by the combination and connection of information infrastructure, including computers, information systems, networks, electronic terminal equipment and so on, which is closely integrated with real life. Cyberspace should not only comply with the limitations of computer logic and rules, but also abide by real laws and regulations. Cyberspace co-criminality refers to the joint intentional crime committed by more than two people using computers and network technology on the Internet. At present, three changes in cyberspace co-crime need to be focused: First, the new manifestations of the joint criminal relationships in cyberspace. The joint criminal relationship presents such changes as the centralization of the position of technical behavior, the double role of the help relationship, the network of abetting relationship and so on. Second, the new development of the crime characteristics in cyberspace. The common crime subject presents the characteristics of intelligence, collectivization and aggregation; the joint intention shows the characteristics of complicated forms and ambiguous contents; the combination of common actions is characterized by networking. Third, the new situation of co-perpetrators in cyberspace. Cyberspace has a greater impact on the status and function of common offenders, abettors, and convicts, and it needs to improve the standards for identification. In addition, legislative and judicial interpretations respond to common crimes in cyberspace and there are conflicts and inconsistent rules between them. These are the legal, judicial and theoretical perplexities that have resulted from the spread and development of cyberspace. Based on the theory of traditional joint crimes, this article defines the criminal law attributes of cyberspace and the criminal law implications of computer network technology behaviors. It investigates and analyzes the related issues of cyberspace joint crimes, and studies the current situation and characteristics of cyberspace joint crimes, as well as judicial and legislative issues. Theoretically encountered difficulties, clarified the nature of joint crimes in cyberspace, and defined the constitutive features of joint crime in cyberspace and role of accomplices. This article is mainly divided into four parts: In the first part, cyberspace and cyberspace jointly commit crimes. Although cyberspace is a virtual space, from a legal point of view, cyberspace is a legal system with legal significance and effectiveness. This part mainly discusses cyberspace, cyberspace crime classification, cyberspace co-criminal status, predicament and its impact on criminal law in the sight of criminal law. First, cyberspace security is an important legal interest that needs to be protected by criminal law. Network security relates to national security and social security, which is related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. Countries in the world increasingly attach importance to the protection of network security. Second, cyberspace has a substantive criminal law significance. The main body of cyberspace, the order of operation, the rules of composition, the virtual currency, the contact mode of cyberspace, the behavior of network technology, and so on, which are both the composition of cyberspace and the actual existence of cyberspace. Both indicate that cyberspace is no longer a virtual space and has the realistic criminal significance of objective existence. Third, the network crime has increasingly exhibited features such as meticulous division of labor, chain of interests, and professionalization of operations. The network crime continues to increase year after year, and the impact is growing. It has become a more serious type of crime in China. Fourth, joint crime has become an important form of cyberspace crime. The unique characteristics of cyberspace and the crime of cyberspace must be combined with the real world in order to realize the pursuit of the interests of crime, making common crime an important form of crime in cyberspace. In view of the impact of cyberspace joint crime on the traditional criminal law theory, it is urgent to perfect the corresponding criminal law theory. The second part is about the relationship of crimes in cyberspace. This section mainly analyzes the new changes in the joint crime of cyberspace, explains the impact of the new changes on the joint criminal relations, and studies the connotation of cyberspace common criminal relationships. First, cyberspace promotes new changes in the common criminal relationship, the core of the network technical behavior status, the bi-level of help relations, and the networking of abetting relationship. Second, the revised behavior is a common theoretical basis for evaluating the common criminal relationship in cyberspace. Third, the structure of criminal relationships in cyberspace. The subjective actors must have the common intention of jointly implementing the actions; the objective aspects are the relations between the harm actions that constitute the essential elements. The third part is about the characteristics of crimes in cyberspace. The identification of cyberspace joint crimes is a difficult point in theory and justice. The reason is that cyberspace brings about changes in joint crime standards. This part is based on China's traditional joint crime theory. The existing legal provisions are the main basis for judging and a detailed study of joint crimes, common intentions, and common behaviors in cyberspace. Firstly, the common criminal subject of the network shows characteristics such as artificial intelligence, groupness, and crowdedness. Artificial intelligence can participate in joint crimes. The current responsibility for AI participating in joint crimes is attributed to the actor who controls AI. The criminal law needs to strengthen the regulation of network crimes, network criminal groups, and network service providers. Secondly, the subjective aspects of joint crime in cyberspace must have common intentions, and technological means such as big data can help determine the formation of a common intention. Thirdly, the common behavior of cyberspace crimes is based on the harm behaviors and harmful behaviors that are jointly and deliberately guided, and the amendments to the behavioral relations are the analysis basis. In the fourth part, cyberspace crimes are accomplice. Cyberspace joint offenders, including common offenders, helpers, and abettors. Determining the criteria and status of an accomplice has an important role in the investigation of the criminal liability of an accomplice. First, the joint principal offender. The “knowledge” of the joint principal offender needs to have an understanding of the joint actor, the identity, and the crime committed with others; the nature of the act is judged by the criteria of social harm. Second, the help offender. Strictly helping to identify crimes, the traditional theory of joint crimes is the basis for determining the nature of the act. The law clearly stipulates that the crime of independence is a special case. Uniform relevant legal provisions and applicable standards for judicial interpretation. Third, abettors. The teaching behavior of cyberspace needs to be clear and intentional. The criteria for determining intentional teaching include the scope and probabilistic factors of the subject. Cyberspace-specific liaison methods are suitable for abusing crimes. Aides who clearly communicate and express teaching content can be regarded as completing the transfer of guilty convictions. The joint crimes in cyberspace has a certain impact on laws and regulations. On the one hand, laws and regulations themselves have factors that need to be modified. On the other hand, cyberspace law needs to adapt to changes in the times. The criminal law needs to expand the scope of protection for cyber security, improve the setting of penalties and related charges, and add penalties such as professional prohibitions and fines. The related content of cyber security may stipulate that in the general principles of criminal law, the status of criminal law in cyber security shall be enhanced. Cyberspace co-crime has a certain impact on laws and regulations. On the one hand, laws and regulations themselves have factors that need to be modified. On the other hand, cyberspace law needs to adapt to changes in the times. The criminal law needs to expand the scope of protection for cyber security, improve the setting of penalties and related charges, and add penalties such as professional prohibitions and fines. The related content of cyber security may stipulate that in the general principles of criminal law, the status of criminal law in cyber security shall be enhanced.