十九世纪的英国文学以浪漫主义运动解开序幕，涌现了一大批如威廉 布雷克，雪莱，济慈等浪漫主义文学家，创作了大量优秀的文学作品。到十九世纪末期，英国国内又兴起了新浪漫主义文学。新浪漫主义不仅是对浪漫主义的突破，也是西方文学进入现代的分水岭。英国文学家罗伯特 路易斯 史蒂文森在19世纪末期现实主义文学主流之外独辟蹊径，开创了新浪漫主义写作风格。其作品《化身博士》中对双重人格斗争的描写与探讨，奠定了他在英国文学史中的重要地位，开辟了文学题材的新领域，并揭示了人类心灵的复杂斗争以及当时的社会背景，引人深思。此外，小说中双重人格的主题与日后心理学精神分析学派有诸多共通之处。 本文旨在在介绍史蒂文森及其《化身博士》创作过程的基础上，综合国内学术界的研究，运用弗洛伊德人格机制理论分析小说中人物的双重人格并与作者观点相比较，以及分析小说中描写双重人格方法的浪漫主义元素与理性主义元素。深刻理解小说中的双重人格主题对于更好的理解小说本身和社会背景，具有重要的历史与现实意义。

The British Literature was promoted by the grand political and social change at the 19th century, a new breed of writing known as Romanticism became popular such as William Blake, Percy Bysshe Shelly, and Keats, etc. The New Romanticism raised in the late 19th century. Not only had the New Romanticism advanced the Romanticism, but also a signal that western literature developed to modernism. Robert Louis Stevenson opened a new path of the New Romanticism style when modernism literature dominated the in the late 19 century. In his novel, Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Stevenson depicted and analyzed the conflict of duel personality. The novel became a great success, and founded him the important status in history of British literature, and new writing field was opened on account of the novel. Besides, the novel revealed the complex contradiction and contemporary social conditions. Meanwhile, the point of duel personality was connected with the later psychoanalysis theory. This paper contains the introduction the life of Stevenson and the creating process of the novel, and uses domestic research results for reference, analysis of duel personality by Freud’s point of view and the author’s opinion and compares the similarities and differences between two thoughts, and Romanticism and Rationalism in duel personality of the novel. It is of importance in history and reality to comprehend the duel personality in the novel to understand the novel itself and contemporary social background.