“戏仿”是文学创作的重要手法，多体现为幽默、滑稽、讽刺等艺术形态，并在时代语境中具有文学形式的历史性特征。本文以莫言长篇《酒国》为研究对象，探讨小说的戏仿形式及其历史意识。《酒国》的戏仿层次较为丰富，包括对《西游记》《聊斋志异》等中国古典小说情节的戏仿；对鲁迅《狂人日记》《药》等现代小说故事层的戏仿；对左翼革命文学叙事结构的戏仿；以及对彼时社会新闻事件的戏仿。诸多戏仿形态以“酒”、“食”和“性”等文学符号和原型结构贯穿始终，其戏仿对象的选择和叙事线索的多重推进有着特定的现实指涉意义，构成了关于八九十年代之交中国社会形态的文化寓言。

"Parody" is a significant technique in literary creation, presenting itself as humor, slapstick, satire, allegory, and other artistic forms, and reflecting the historical characteristics of literary forms in the context of the times. This article takes Mo Yan's long-length novel The Republic of Wine as the object of study, and explores the parody form and its historical consciousness in the novel. The parody of The Republic of Wine is rich in layers, including parodies of the plots and forms of classical Chinese novels such as Journey to the West and Liaozhai Zhiyi; parodies of the story layers of Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman and Medicine; parodies of the narrative structure of left-wing revolutionary literature; and parodies of social news events. The numerous parodic forms are also characterized by the archetypal structures of "wine", "food" and "sex" throughout. The choice of parodic objects and the multiplicity of narrative threads have a specific relevance, forming a cultural allegory of the shape of Chinese society at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s.