道歉语是日常交际中经常出现的语言现象，对道歉语的研究涉及到社会学、社会心理学、语言学等不同领域。以往对道歉语的社会语用研究侧重于分析其本身作为言语行为的合适条件、语用策略及社会变量对道歉语使用的影响，很少有人关注其人际意义实现层面。本文从社会功能视角对道歉语的人际意义进行研究。综合语境理论，杜•波伊斯的“态势三角”理论与马丁的评价理论，我们提出道歉语人际意义分析模式。在这一分析模式中，道歉语的人际意义建构体现在三个方面：表明交际态势、表达交际情感、调节人际关系。首先，道歉不仅仅是说声“对不起”，道歉语会表明交际者的交际态势：维护交际对方的面子需求或维护交际者本身的面子需求。我们把这两种态势命名为积极道歉，即道歉是为承担责任，进而迎合交际对方的面子需求；与消极道歉，即道歉是为推卸责任，进而保护交际者本身的利益。其次，进入社会交际的语言都会表达一定的情感。道歉语作为一种表达型言语行为在纷繁的情感表达过程中表现出形式与功能或对应或不对应，因而产生了交际情感的一致性表达方式，即积极道歉表达积极情感，消极道歉表达消极情感；或隐喻性表达方式，即积极道歉表达消极情感，消极道歉表达积极情感。我们将评价理论应用在对道歉语情感表达的分析上。再者，道歉是道歉双方的互动行为。在人际交往中，道歉语通常会与具有不同权势与同等关系的个人的身份相符合。而道歉者为了满足自己的交际目的，更可以通过道歉这种言语行为拉近或疏远交际关系，进而调节人际关系。本文描述了道歉语在日常交际中的各种实现方式，而不是局限在受礼貌原则控制的互动上。我们认为语言和社会相互建构，交际中语言的选择既反映静态的社会范畴，更不同程度地含有说话者的主观能动性。本文对道歉语研究的贡献在于从说话者角度出发采用社会功能视角对语言进行研究，提出并区分了积极道歉和消极道歉的概念，并分析了道歉行为中情感表达方式与人际关系建构的特点与规律。本文提出的道歉语人际意义分析模式对道歉语解释型研究提供了新思路。

Apologies are common utterances in everyday life. Sociologists, social psychologists, and communication researchers have all explored the role of apology in various social contexts. The study of apology from socio-pragmatic perspective mainly concerns the felicity conditions of apology as a speech act, apology strategy, and the co-occurrence and co-variation between apology and relevant social, cultural, and psychological variables. Few studies follow the issue of the realization of interpersonal meanings of apology. The present dissertation studies the interpersonal meanings of apology from a socio-functional perspective. Applying theories of context, du Bois’ theory of Stance Triangle, and Martin’s Appraisal theory, we propose an integrated model for the analysis of interpersonal meanings of apology. In our model, the interpersonal meanings of apology can be constructed on three dimensions: positioning stance, expressing affect, and adjusting social relations.Firstly, apology is not only to say “I’m sorry”. Apology positions the apologizer’s communicative stance: to maintain the face wants of the apologized, or to meet the face wants of the apologizer. We classify these two communicative stances as Positive Apology, namely to acknowledge the responsibility and satisfy the face wants of the apologized; and Negative Apology, namely to evade the responsibility and protect the benefits of the apologizer. Secondly, any utterance in language use conveys certain affect. Apology as an expressive speech act manifests the congruent or incongruent correspondence between the language form and language function in the realization of the diversities of affect. We name them congruent realization of affect, namely positive apology expressing euphoric affect and negative apology expressing dysphoric affect; and the metaphorical realization of apology, namely positive apology expressing dysphoric affect and negative apology expressing euphoric affect. We apply Appraisal Theory in our analysis of the realization of affect in apology. Thirdly, apology is the dyadic interaction between both the apologizer and the apologized. Apologizers from different power and solidarity relations usually produce different kinds of apologies in accordance with their identities. To achieve the communicative purposes, the apologizer can also solidify or alienate social relations and adjust interpersonal relationships.The present dissertation studies the realization of apologies of various kinds in our daily communication and is not limited to the interaction under the control of politeness principle. We maintain that language and society are co-constructed. Not only does language reflect the static social categories, it also involves the speaker’s own agency in daily communication. The contributions of the present dissertation to the study of apology are that by adopting a socio-functional perspective, we put forward and distinguish the concepts of positive apology and negative apology, and analyze the characteristics and regularities of the realization patterns of affect and the construction of interpersonal relationships in apology. The integrated model proposed in the dissertation opens a new way to the explanatory study of apology.