Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort, the dried rhizome of L. chuanxiong, is a traditional Chinese medicinal material. Its authentic production areas are located in Sichuan, including Dujiangyan, Pixian, Xindu, Pengzhou, Chongzhou, Qionglai, and others. In recent years, due to the detected cadmium element content in L. chuanxiong exceeds national standards, in particular the rhizome of the rhizomer, the export medicinal material L. chuanxiong is destroyed or returned, which has triggered people's concerns about L. chuanxiong. In order to solve the problem of cadmium pollution in L. chuanxiong, this study from the perspective of ecology and geography, on the one hand, based on the distribution point data and environmental factor data of L. chuanxiong, and screened out the suitable areas for high schools in L. huanxiong through the niche model. Secondly, use geographic information technology to simulate the background value of soil cadmium in the study area and carry out the core density analysis of the mining area. Finally, coupled with the results of the niche model, the background of soil cadmium pollution and the influence of the core density of the mining area, the current ecologically suitable planting area of L. chuanxiong is planned and divided into the first-level ecologically suitable area and the second-level ecologically suitable area. In order to further understand the spatial dynamics of the planned ecologically suitable area of L. chuanxiong under future climate change, this study used the niche model to predict the suitable habitat of L. chuanxiong in 2050 and 2070, and used the soil heavy metal accumulation prediction model to simulate the two periods. The soil cadmium pollution status, and the first-level ecologically suitable area and the second-level ecologically suitable area for L. chuanxiong were planned according to the same method. In addition, this study also assessed the habitat suitability and spatial dynamic trends of L. chuanxiong during the planning process. The main findings are as follows:   (1) Under the current climatic conditions, the ecologically suitable areas of L. chuanxiong are distributed in an elliptical shape, starting from Chengdu in a counterclockwise direction to Meishan, Neijiang, Luzhou, Chongqing Hechuan County, Huaying, Dechuan, Nanchong, Guangyuan, Mianyang, and finally back to Chengdu. In terms of distribution area, the first and second ecologically suitable areas of L. chuanxiong were 2063.43 km² and 16372.15 km², respectively. The distribution of the first level ecologically suitable areas of L. chuanxiong is not as wide as that of the second level ecologically suitable areas, only concentrated in Chengdu and Meishan, involving Meishan County (577.26 km²), Qionglai (329.63 km²), Pujiang (254.80 km²), Pengshan (180.68 km²), Xinjin (154.68 km²), Renshou (135.10 km²), and Dayi (107.33 km²), all of which are larger than 100 km². The secondary ecologically suitable areas of L. chuanxiong are widely distributed. There are 12 counties with an area of more than 400 km². Pingwu, Lu County, and Hechuan ranked the top three with an area of 1112.72 km², 979.63 km², and 880.91 km², respectively. The remaining counties such as Jiange, Longchang, and Zizhong are also important areas for the distribution of secondary ecologically suitable areas.   (2) According to the results of the Jacknife method, solar radiation, surface clay cation exchange capacity, annual temperature variation range, altitude, and wind speed were evaluated as important environmental factors driving the current distribution pattern of L. chuanxiong, with a cumulative contribution rate of 87.9%. The corresponding response thresholds are; the average daily solar radiation is not higher than 12028.92 kJ·m^-2; the optimum solar radiation is 10303.08 kJ·m^-2; and the cation exchange capacity of the surface clay is 0.95 ~1.12 cmol/kg, the optimum value is 1.0 cmol/kg; the annual temperature variation range is 25.98 ~29.23 ℃, and the optimum annual temperature variation range is 27.24 ℃. In addition, the altitude requirement is between 930.31 m and 974.54 m, the optimum value is 554.36 m, and the wind speed of 1.09 ~1.55 m/s is the suitable range of Chuanxiong, and the optimum wind speed is 1.24 m/s. 

(3) The cumulative prediction results of soil cadmium pollution in the study area in 2050 and 2070 show that under the optimistic scenario, the soil cadmium content reaches the national soil cadmium standard I and II standards the most, followed by no mutation, and the least pessimistic. From now to the future, the areas with the greatest changes are in central and northeastern Sichuan, including Chengdu, Deyang, Meishan, Leshan, and Guangyuan. Under the optimistic scenario, soil cadmium pollution develops in a benign direction, and large areas are transformed into areas with low cadmium content. In the no-mutation scenario, the area with low cadmium content has shrunk, and the polluted area has relatively expanded. In a pessimistic state, this pattern continues to deteriorate, and the distribution of first-level soil cadmium-contaminated areas is sparse. In addition, cities such as Chengdu and Meishan are always in stable areas, including Renshou, Pujiang, Qionglai, and so on. These areas are of great significance for the cultivation of L. chuanxiong.

(4) Under the four climate change scenarios in 2050 and 2070 (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, RCP8.5), the planning results for L. chuanxiong corresponding to the three soil cadmium pollution prediction scenarios are extremely high difference. On the whole, the first-level ecologically suitable areas of L. chuanxiong were the most distributed in the optimistic state, followed by no mutation, and the least pessimistic. For the second-level ecologically suitable areas, the most non-mutational situation, followed by optimism, and the least pessimism. Qionglai, Xinjin, and Pujiang in Chengdu have always been the core areas of distribution, and are regarded as the most preferred areas among the first-class ecologically suitable areas in L. chuanxiong. In the absence of mutation and pessimism, the ecologically suitable areas for L. chuanxiong are mostly concentrated in Chengdu and Meishan, while the rest of the regions fluctuate greatly.

(5) Under the future climate change, the high and medium suitable areas of L. chuanxiong will change greatly. The high suitable area mainly extends to the south with Chengdu as the center, while the medium suitable area is mainly concentrated at the junction of Sichuan and Chongqing, and the center of gravity gradually moves eastward.  The increase and decrease trend of the suitable area of L. chuanxiong high or medium suitable areas is generally increasing, but with the passage of time, the increased area gradually decreases, while the shrinking area gradually expands. The traditional Road products of L. chuanxiong such as Chengdu and Meishan are relatively stable, and the most stable change in the suitable area is the climate change scenario of RCP8.5 in 2050, with an unchanged area of 119,232.07 km². The migration results of the centroid in the suitable area of L. chuanxiong high or medium suitable areas show that the existence of river systems may have a huge impact on the distribution of Chuanxiong, and its migration almost always points to the vicinity of the river. In addition, with the further intensification of climate change, the suitable area of L. chuanxiong has gradually moved to the south.