| 中文题名： | 游客噪声影响下大熊猫行为和粪便糖皮质激素及性激素的变化 |
| 姓名： | |
| 保密级别： | 公开 |
| 论文语种： | 中文 |
| 学科代码： | 071001 |
| 学科专业： | |
| 学生类型： | 学士 |
| 学位： | 理学学士 |
| 学位年度： | 2021 |
| 学校： | 北京师范大学 |
| 校区： | |
| 学院： | |
| 第一导师姓名： | |
| 第一导师单位： | |
| 提交日期： | 2021-05-26 |
| 答辩日期： | 2021-05-17 |
| 外文题名： | Effects of Tourists Noise on Behavior and Fecal Cortisol Concentration and Sex Hormones in Giant Pandas |
| 中文关键词： | |
| 外文关键词： | Giant panda ; Tourists’ noise ; Stress ; Behavior ; Cortisol ; Sex hormone |
| 中文摘要： |
大熊猫作为一个濒危物种和旗舰物种，在生物多样性保育和环境教育宣传中起到了不可或缺的作用。随着圈养大熊猫种群数量的增加，大熊猫的借展工作日渐增多。然而，有关游客噪声对大熊猫生理健康和行为的影响，尤其从行为和应激激素水平开展的研究却未见详细报道。本研究在2021年3月11日至4月6日期间，以北京动物园熊猫馆的2~21岁的8只大熊猫（M:F=4:4）为研究对象，采用连续记录法、随机取样法在每天的8:00~12:00分别对其进行各30min的行为观察，并于次日早晨采集其粪便样品进行处理和激素提取，测定其皮质醇、睾酮和雌二醇激素的含量；同时采用自动噪声记录仪监测了7个圈舍的全天候游客噪声。然后，分析了八只大熊猫的激素水平与噪声的相关性，11种行为（进食、休息、玩耍、探究、标记、修饰、刻板行为、门导向、运动、排遗、喝水）与噪声的泊松回归分析及其在室内外圈舍、周末周内各种行为的比较。结果表明，大熊猫皮质醇激素含量与平均噪声和最大噪声没有显著性相关关系，但超过70dB的噪声对其有显著影响，且雄性皮质醇激素水平显著高于雌性，周末皮质醇激素水平显著高于工作日；睾酮和雌二醇与平均噪声和最大噪声无显著性关系，但超过70dB 的噪声对雄性大熊猫睾酮含量有显著影响。噪声对大熊猫的进食、休息、玩耍、探究、修饰、标记、门导向、运动和刻板行为均具有显著影响，在不同大熊猫个体身上体现的影响不同。玩耍行为发生的频次在室内显著大于室外，进食、门导向、刻板行为发生的频次在室外显著大于室内，大熊猫“萌萌”和“白天”休息行为发生的频次在处于室内时期要显著高于室外，“萌大”和“白天”门导向行为发生的频次在处于室外时期要显著高于室内。周末进食和玩耍行为发生的频次显著高于工作日，工作日休息、探究、修饰、标记、运动和喝水行为发生的频次显著高于周末。
综上，北京动物园圈养大熊猫可能已经适应了当地的噪声干扰。在展览期间大熊猫大多表现为正常的行为，进食、休息、玩耍、探究、标记、修饰、刻板行为、门导向、运动行为与噪声具有显著关系，但这种关系存在个体的差异性，与大熊猫处于室内展厅或室外运动场以及游客量的多少有关。噪声污染可能会扰乱大熊猫的性激素水平从而影响其生殖和发育。因此，我们建议，为了提升大熊猫的圈养福利，应当控制并降低较大噪声尤其是长时间持续的较大噪声的发生。
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| 外文摘要： |
As an endangered species and flagship species, the giant panda plays an indispensable role in biodiversity conservation and environmental education. With the increase in the number of captive giant pandas, the loan of giant pandas for exhibition is increasing day by day. However, no literature on the impact of tourists' noise on the physiological health and behavior of giant pandas, especially from the behavior and hormone levels is available. From March 11 to April 6, 2021, the daily behavior of 8 pandas (M:F=4:4) aged 2~21 years at Beijing Zoo were randomly observed using focal animal sampling and continuous recording method for 30 minutes from 8:00 to 12:00 per day. We also collected the fecal samples of those 8 giant pandas next day after the behavioral observation for assaying level of fecal glucocorticoids (cortisol), testosterone and estradiol. At the same time, the tourist noise was monitored throughout the day using automatic noise recorders. We statistically analyzed the correlation between the hormone levels of the eight giant pandas and noise during the observation period, the Poisson regression analysis of 11 behaviors (feeding, resting, playing, exploring, scent marking, grooming, stereotypy, door-directed, locomotion, defecation and drinking) and noise, and compared the behaviors of pandas kept indoors and outdoors, on weekends and working days. The results indicate that there is no significant relationship between the level of cortisol hormone in giant pandas and the average noise or the maximum noise, yet noise over 70dB has a significant impact on the level of cortisol, and the level of cortisol of males is significantly higher than that of females, and the level of cortisol on weekends is significantly higher than that of weekdays. Testosterone and estradiol have no significant relationship with the average noise and the maximum noise, but a significant negative relationship with the noise over 70dB and the testosterone content of male pandas is viewed. Noise has a significant effect on pandas’ eating, resting, playing, exploring, grooming, scent-marking, door-direction, movement and stereotypy of giant pandas individually. The frequency of playing is significantly higher in pandas kept indoors than outdoors, and the frequency of eating, door-direction and stereotypy is significantly higher in pandas kept outdoors than indoors. The frequency of indoor resting of ‘MengMeng’ and ‘BaiTian’ is significantly higher than that in outdoors, and the frequency of door-direction behavior of ‘MengDa’ and ‘BaiTian’ is significantly higher in indoors than outdoors. The frequency of eating and playing during weekends is significantly higher than that of workdays, and the frequency of resting, exploring, grooming, scent-marking, locomotion and drinking during workdays is significantly higher than that of weekends. Our study suggests that captive giant pandas at Beijing Zoo may have adapted to the noise interference. Most of the giant pandas exhibited normal behaviors. Feeding, resting, playing, exploring, scent marking, grooming, stereotypy, door-directed and locomotion behaviors have a significant relationship with the noise, and the relationship differs individually, which is related to captive condition (whether the giant panda is in the indoor exhibition halls or the outdoor playgrounds) and the number of tourists. Noise pollution may disrupt the sex hormone levels of giant pandas and affect their reproduction and development. Thus, we recommend that the higher noise in particular the longtime of higher noise should be controlled and reduced for improving captive pandas’ welfare.
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| 参考文献总数： | 57 |
| 插图总数： | 29 |
| 插表总数： | 2 |
| 馆藏号： | 本071001/21064 |
| 开放日期： | 2022-05-26 |
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