某种程度而言，学校是社会的缩影。无论是革命战争年代还是和平建设时期，校园内的政治风向、文化氛围，亦是同期社会的映照。

20世纪的中国是在政党引领并深度改造中前进的。在国共党争未见分晓之前，双方争夺基层社会的一个焦点，便是精英汇集的乡村师范学校。国民政府欲借此控制乡村社会，共产党则将之视为“革命的温床”。1933年由“和平将军”张治中创办的安徽省黄麓师范学校，是一所典型的乡村师范学校，其诞生于乡村师范运动的高涨时期，秉持着陶行知、梁漱溟等人的乡村教育思想。在第二次、第三次国内革命战争期间，国共两党在该校进行激烈斗争。最终，中共地下党成功掌握黄麓师范，随着1949年国民党向台湾败退，其校产和师生被新生的人民政权接管。

中华人民共和国成立后，为改天换地展新颜，中国共产党开启了改制、改人的历程，改校成为题中应有之义。在社会主义革命、建设进程中，黄麓师范学校的改革变迁，恰是这一过程的缩影。

过渡时期，黄麓师范学校遵照党和国家的教育方针，调整办学方向。在“改校”层面，扩张办学规模、加强党的领导，完成老黄麓师范的迁移和新黄麓师范的组建，以促进区域教育资源平衡；在“改人”层面，黄麓师范教师群体寓思想改造的同时，又与学生一起深度参与冬学扫盲、抗美援朝、土地改革等运动以及协助政府工作，进一步接受思想政治教育。藉此，黄麓师范完成了从民国教育体系中的乡村师范学校，向社会主义体系下的乡村师范学校的转变。

全面建设社会主义时期，黄麓师范学校成为贯彻教育与劳动相结合方针政策的试点学校。基于“大跃进”时期开展的教育革命、推广普通话等工作实践，积累了经验也存在教训。1964年，黄麓师范作为省级试点学校开始半耕半读教育试验，结合自身办学特点开展多种教学改革，这种尝试和探索因十年动乱而中断。

概言之，新中国初期十七年中该校经历两次“大改”，即过渡时期的社会主义改造，全面建设社会主义时期半耕半读的教育探索。这条变迁轨迹，是中共建政后执政理念在乡村师范教育领域的投射，反映了新中国发展文教事业的曲折和艰辛。贯通1949年前的革命史来研究“改校”这一主题，有助于拓宽党史、国史的研究视野，也是对现有革命史、共和国教育史乃至乡村建设史研究的一种深化，进而为破解当前乡村教育问题、探索适应新发展阶段的师范教育提供一些鉴戒。

To some extent, the school is a microcosm of the society.No matter in the revolutionary war period or in the peace-building period, the political wind direction and cultural atmosphere in the campus are also the reflection of the society at that time.

China in the 20th century is advancing under the guidance and deep transformation of political parties.Before the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was known, one focus of the battle for the grassroots society is the rural normal schools where elites gather.While the Nationalist government wanted to control the rural society, the Communist Party regarded it as a "hotbed of revolution".Huanglu Normal School in Anhui Province, founded by "The general of peace" Zhang Zhizhong in 1933,is a typical rural normal school. It was born at the climax of the rural normal school movement and held the ideas of Tao Xingzhi, Liang Shuming and other educationist.During the second and third Chinese Revolutionary wars, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party fought fiercely in the school.In the end, the school was controlled by the member of  Communist Party, Huanglu normal gradually developed into the underground traffic of the Communist Party station, trained a large number of revolutionary talents and kept a row of Kuomintang soldiers on campus.With the Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan in 1949, its school property and teachers and students were taken over by the new government.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to show a new face, the Communist Party of China started the process of restructuring and reform, and changing the school has become the due meaning of the topic.In the socialist revolution and construction, the reform and changes of Huanglu Normal School are just the epitome of this process.

During the transition period, Huanglu Normal School adjusted the direction of running schools closely with the change of educational policy and curriculum.At the level of "school reform", we will expand the scale of running schools, strengthen the leadership of the Party, complete the relocation of old Huanglu Normal University and the establishment of new Huanglu Normal University, and promote the balance of regional educational resources.At the level of "changing people", huanglu normal teachers have experienced a relatively peaceful ideological reform in the school, and the teachers and students have received ideological and political education in deeply participating in winter literacy, anti-American aid to Korea, land reform and assisting the government work.At this stage, Huanglu Normal School completed the transformation from a rural normal school in the education system of the Republic of China to a rural normal school under the socialist system.

During the exploration period, Huanglu Normal School became a pilot school to implement the theory of combining education and labor.The educational revolution and the promotion of Mandarin-speaking work have accumulated many experiences and lessons during the Leap Forward period.The school started the semi-farming and semi-reading education experiment officially as a provincial pilot school in 1964,and various teaching reforms were carried out in combination with its own characteristics of running schools.At this stage, Huanglu Normal School made a beneficial attempt for the half-ploughing and half-reading education experiment in rural normal schools, but this attempt was interrupted by the beginning of ten years of turmoil.

To be said, in the 17 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the school has undergone two "major reforms", namely, two turns: from the socialist transformation in the transitional period to the independent exploration of the education mode of half-cultivation and half-study.This change track is the embodiment of the change of the governing concept after the establishment of the Communist Party of China in the field of rural normal education, and reflects the arduous exploration of the development of cultural and educational undertakings in new China.The article is under the guidance of the basic theory and method of Marxism，studying the theme of "changing schools" through the revolutionary history before 1949 is helpful to broaden the research horizon of the party history of the Party and the country, and also a deepening of the research of the existing revolutionary history, the history of education in the Republic and even the history of rural construction.It provides some thoughts for solving the current dilemma of rural education and developing the normal education system suitable for national conditions.