生物入侵是现如今全球五大环境问题之一，其中植物占据入侵生物种类的一半以上。经由对外贸易，进入我国的入侵植物逐年增多，其种类数目仍不确定，且由于国内对外来植物的本底资料了解较少，常出现物种名称应用错误，或标本鉴定混乱的现象，这也导致了以此而统计的分布信息出现错误，从而产生对其入侵程度与趋势的误判。因此，本研究对我国重要入侵植物进行深入的分类学研究和考证，澄清其名实问题，并完成《中国外来入侵植物志》部分内容的编写，为该类植物的鉴定、分布及入侵趋势提供基础资料，对于入侵植物的防控具有重要的意义。 本研究选择旋花科和茄科两个近缘科的入侵植物为研究对象，以《中国外来入侵植物名录》收录的种类为参照，在考证大量文献的基础上，结合国内外30多所标本馆的实体标本以及标本照片，对这两个科的入侵植物进行了分类学性状的分析和分类学问题的探讨，理清了中国旋花科和茄科入侵植物的种类和分布，并对其潜在适生区进行了预测，主要结果及结论如下： (1) 澄清了牵牛组中的分类学问题，认为牵牛 [Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth]和裂叶牵牛 (I. hederacea Jacq.) 为2个独立的种。名称Convolvulus hederaceus L.应为牵牛的异名，大花牵牛 (Pharbitis limbata Lindl.) 为牵牛的园艺品种，全缘叶形态的牵牛 (I. hederacea var. integriuscula A. Gray) 作为裂叶牵牛的异名处理。 (2) 确认酸浆属入侵植物6种，其中4个物种名称被长期误用。小酸浆的学名应为 Physalis divaricata D. Don而非P. minima L.，该种主要分布于亚洲。国内鉴定为毛酸浆的类群包含2个种，分别是毛酸浆 (P. pubescens L.) 和灰绿酸浆 [P. grisea (Waterfall) M. Martínez]。国内记载的大果酸浆 (P. macrophysa Rydb.) 为黏果酸浆的错误鉴定。研究发现我国被鉴定为喀西茄 (Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq.)的标本大部分为毛果茄 (S. viarum Dunal)，确认成为我国严重入侵种的为毛果茄而非喀西茄。两者通过叶形、茎上刺、幼果是否被毛可区分。 (3) 种子的形态学研究表明，种子形状、颜色、表面附属物、表面纹饰以及种脐形状在茄科和旋花科之间均具有显著的分类学意义。在部分属间，如种子大小、颜色在菟丝子属 (Cuscuta L.)、小牵牛属 (Jacquemontia Choisy) 与番薯属 (Ipomoea L.) 间存在差异，种脐形状可区分茄属下的曼陀罗属 (Datura L.)、茄属(Solanum L.)的单毛组 (Sect. Acanthophora Dunal) 等类群。由此说明，种子的形态学特征可以作为旋花科和茄科物种鉴别特征而应用于入侵植物种子的检疫。 (4) 确认我国旋花科入侵植物共5属18种，茄科入侵植物共4属25种1变种，其中小酸浆是否为入侵植物有待进一步考证。通过对原产地的考证排除了《中国入侵植物名录》上的5种，通过标本的研究排除了仅栽培未见逸生的2种，新增入侵分布记录6种。 (5) 使用Maxent生态位模型对9个种进行我国潜在适生区预测，结果显示不同物种在我国的适生区布局差异明显，如毛果甘薯 (I. cordatotriloba Dennst.) 和腺龙葵 (S. sarrachoides Sendt.) 在我国多个省份轻度至中度适生，变色牵牛 [I. indica (J. Burm.) Merr.]、蒜芥茄 (S. sisymbriifolium Lam.) 等种在南方地区高度适生，研究结果对于这些物种的防控有一定的参考价值。

Biological invasion has become one of the top five environmental problems in the world, and invasive plants account for more than half of the total number of invasive species. Because of foreign trade, the amount of invasive plants in China has increased year by year, and the number of the species is still uncertain. Due to poor understanding of the background of alien plants, the applications of their scientific names are sometimes mistaken, and the identification of specimens is sometimes not accurate. Because of specimens’ inaccracy, sometimes the distribution information is wrong, leading to misjudgment of the degree and trend of invasion. Therefore, a taxonomy study on Chinese invasive plants was conducted, in order to complete the compilation of the Flora of the alien invasive plants in China, and to provide some information for the identification, distribution and invasion trend of these plants, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of invasive plants. In this study, taking the The checklist of the Chinese invasive plants as a reference, the invasive plants of two closely related families, Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae were selected as research objects. The characters of classification were analyzed, and the problems of classification were disscused by means of field investigation and comparison of specimens from more than 30 herbarium at home and abroad. The species and distribution of invasive plants of Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae were clarified, and the potential distribution is predicted. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) The taxonomic problems of Ipomoea sect. Pharibits were clarified. Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth and I. hederacea Jacq. are two independent species, and the name Convolvulus hederaceus L. should be treated as a synonym of I. nil (L.) Roth. Pharbitis limbata Lindl. is more reasonable to be treated as a horticultural cultivar of Ipomoea nil (L.), and a kind of entireleaf morning glory observed in the field (I. hederacea var. integriuscula A. Gray) is treated as a synonym of I. hederacea Jacq.. (2) The number of the invasive plants of Physalis was confirmed to be 6, and there were 4 species whose names were incorrectly applied. The species which was recorded as Physalis minima L. in China was Physalis divaricata D. Don. The specimens which were indentified as P. pubescens L. included 2 species, which were P. pubescens L. and P. grisea (Waterf.) M. Martínez.. The record of P. macrophysa Rydb. is due to the wrong identification of P. ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem.. It was found that most of the specimens of S. viarum have been identified as S. aculeatissimum Jacq., which can be distinguished by leaf shape, pickles on stem, and young fruit, leading to the conclusion that in recent years, it was the S. viarum Dunal instead of S. aculeatissimum Jacq. which had spread all over the southern provinces and become the serious invasive species in China. (3) The shape, color, appendage, surface ornamentation of seeds and shape of hilum have certain taxonomic values for identification between families, and among genera. Such as the shape and color of seeds differed in Cuscuta L., Jacquemontia Choisy and Ipomoea L., and the shape of the hilum are also significantly different between Datura L.and Sect. Acanthophora Dunal. It indicated that the morphological characteristics of the seed can be applied to the quarantine the invasive plants of Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae as a distinguishing feature. (4) Based on the above research results, it was confirmed that there are 5 genera 18 species in Convolvulaceae, and 4 genera 25 species, 1 variety in Solanaceae, of the invasive plants in China. The origin of P. divaricata D. Don. remained to be verified. 5 species on the orignial checklist were excluded because that their origins were not foreign, and another 2 species were excluded because they were only cultivated in China, and 6 unrecorded species were added. (5) The potential distributions in China of 9 speicies were predicted using the Maxent model, and the layouts of different species are obviously different. For example, some species like I. cordatotriloba Dennst. and S. sarrachoides Sendt., with only a few specimens recorded in the past, were proved to be mild to moderately suitable in many provinces in China. And the species such as I. indica (J. Burm.) Merr. and S. sisymbriifolium Lam. were highly suitable in the southern region, thus have high invasion potential and need to be paid attention to in prevention and control. Therefore it had certain reference for the prevention and control of these species.