不起诉裁量权是我国法律赋予检察机关的一项重要权力。我国刑事司法实践中的不起诉裁量权主要存在于轻微刑事案件的酌定不起诉制度中。而从我国司法实践看，该制度暴露出了一系列问题。一方面，尽管近年来我国的不起诉率快速上升，但与其他国家和地区相比依然处于较低水平，同时也存在适用标准模糊、扩张失衡等问题。另一方面，权力需要对应的制约，当前我国不起诉裁量权制约机制存在独立性不足、内部审批程序繁琐等问题，导致制约效果不佳，不利于我国不起诉裁量权的长远均衡发展。因此，不起诉裁量权的扩张和制约对于我国刑事司法实践具有重要意义，本文也将从法理和实践两个维度进行论述。首先，从法理上对不起诉裁量权相关概念予以辨析，并探讨其扩张与制约的理论基础。其次，在总结我国现行法律规范的基础上对不起诉裁量权的运行现状进行考察并找出问题所在。最后，在吸收借鉴域外国家先进经验的基础上，分别从扩张和制约两方面提出改革建议，力求在扩大不起诉裁量权适用的同时维护各方当事人的合法权益，兼顾司法公正和效率，促进不起诉裁量权在轻罪治理领域充分发挥作用。具体而言，除绪论之外，本文分为四个部分展开论述。第一章主要针对不起诉裁量权本身以及不起诉裁量权扩张与制约的理论基础进行论述。基于我国轻罪时代的特点，本文将不起诉裁量权主要界定为检察机关在办理轻微刑事案件时适用的酌定不起诉裁量权，并从扩张和制约两个角度进行研究。起诉便宜主义和有关轻罪治理的研究成果可以为不起诉裁量权的扩张奠定理论基础，而权力制约理论则为不起诉裁量权的制约提供了相应的理论基础。第二章主要总结了当前我国不起诉裁量权在司法实践中的扩张趋势，并从立法和司法两个角度对裁量权的扩张进行分析。通过对相关数据的深度挖掘，指出我国不起诉裁量权在实践中存在着缺乏合法性基础、适用标准不统一、总体适用率偏低、适用不均衡等方面的问题。第三章则主要针对不起诉裁量权的制约机制进行论述。目前我国不起诉裁量权制约机制可以划分为检察系统内部制约和检察系统外部制约两个层面，前者包括案件审批机制、不起诉听证机制、规范性文件的指导规范、内部考评机制，后者则包括来自公安机关、当事人和人民法院的制约机制。上述机制在实践中均存在相应的问题，并导致了制约效果不佳。第四章主要针对上文总结的我国不起诉裁量权在扩张和制约方面的不足提出对策建议。对于不起诉裁量权的扩张，可以在立法上细化裁量标准、扩大附条件不起诉的适用范围并充实处罚手段，在司法上引入公共利益原则进行完善。对于不起诉裁量权的制约，可以借鉴域外国家经验，通过改革司法审查机制、保障当事人权益、下放审批权限、强化人民监督员作用等方式在检察系统内外对不起诉裁量权构成合理制约。

The discretion of non-prosecution is an important power entrusted to procuratorial organs by Chinese law. In the practice of criminal justice in China, the discretion of non-prosecution mainly exists in the system of discretionary non-prosecution in minor criminal cases. From the perspective of our judicial practice, this system has exposed a series of problems. On the one hand, although China's non-prosecution rate has risen rapidly in recent years, it is still at a low level compared with other countries and regions, and there are also problems such as fuzzy applicable standards and unbalance expansion. On the other hand, power needs corresponding constraints. At present, the restriction mechanism of non-prosecution discretion has problems such as insufficient independence and cumbersome internal examination and approval procedures, which leads to poor restriction effect and is not conducive to the long-term balanced development of non-prosecution discretion in our country.Therefore, the expansion and restriction of non-prosecution discretion is of great significance to the practice of criminal justice in our country, and this paper will also discuss from two dimensions of jurisprudence and practice. First of all, from the jurisprudence to distinguish the relevant concepts of prosecutorial discretion, and explore its expansion and restriction of the theoretical basis. Secondly, on the basis of summarizing the current legal norms in our country, the operation status of the discretion of prosecution is investigated and the problems are found out. Finally, on the basis of drawing on the advanced experience of countries outside the region, the reform proposals are put forward from the two aspects of expansion and restriction, and strive to protect the legitimate rights and interests of all parties while expanding the application of non-prosecution discretion, taking into account judicial fairness and efficiency, and promote the full play of non-prosecution discretion in the field of misdemeanour management.Specifically, in addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into four parts to expand the discussion.The first chapter mainly discusses the non-prosecution discretion itself and the theoretical basis of its expansion and restriction. Based on the characteristics of the era of misdemeanors in our country, this paper defines the discretion of non-prosecution as the discretion of procuratorial organs in handling minor criminal cases, and studies it from two perspectives of expansion and restriction. The theory of prosecution cheapness and the research results of misdemeanor management can lay a theoretical foundation for the expansion of non-prosecution discretion, while the theory of power restriction provides a corresponding theoretical basis for the restriction of non-prosecution discretion.The second chapter mainly summarizes the expansion trend of non-prosecution discretion in judicial practice in our country, and analyzes the expansion of discretion from the legislative and judicial perspectives. Through the in-depth mining of relevant data, it is pointed out that there are some problems in the practice of non-prosecution discretion in China, such as lack of legitimacy foundation, inconsistent application standards, low overall application rate and unbalanced application.The third chapter mainly discusses the restriction mechanism of the discretion of non-prosecution. At present, the restriction mechanism of non-prosecution discretion in our country can be divided into two levels: internal restriction of procuratorial system and external restriction of procuratorial system. The former includes case examination and approval mechanism, non-prosecution hearing mechanism, guiding norms of normative documents and internal evaluation mechanism, while the latter includes restriction mechanism from public security organs, parties and people's courts. The above mechanisms have corresponding problems in practice and lead to poor restriction effect.The fourth chapter mainly focuses on the shortcomings of the expansion and restriction of China's non-prosecution discretion summarized above give countermeasures and suggestions. For the expansion of the discretion of non-prosecution, we can refine the standard of discretion in legislation, expand the scope of application of conditional non-prosecution, enrich the punishment means, and introduce the principle of public interest in the judiciary to improve it. As for the restriction of the discretion of non-prosecution, we can learn from the experience of countries outside the region, and form a reasonable restriction on the discretion of non-prosecution inside and outside the procuratorial system by reforming the judicial review mechanism, protecting the rights and interests of parties, delegating the authority of examination and approval, and strengthening the role of people's supervisors.