风速的长期变化对土壤风蚀、大气污染物扩散、风能资源开发利用等社会环境问题产生严重影响。全球大气正在经历快速变暖的过程，与此同时，近地表风速也在发生显著的变化。理解区域风速特别是极端风速的时空变化格局及其物理机制，对上述环境灾害的综合防范有着重要意义。本研究选取对气候变化敏感的青藏高原地区和经历快速城镇化过程的长三角地区为研究区，以中国气象局站点观测数据，大气再分析数据以及卫星遥感数据为基础，利用大气动力学分析和区域气候模式数值模拟，分析了青藏高原高原近六十年来平均风速的时空变化格局，并揭示了大气环流系统对青藏高原平均风速的影响过程，进一步分析了长三角地区最大风速的时空变化格局，揭示了快速城镇化对长三角地区最大风速的影响过程。研究结果表明：（1）青藏高原地区近地表年平均风速在1961-2020年显著下降(-0.091 m s^-1 dec^-1, p < 0.05)，且各季节风速变化趋势基本一致。大尺度大气环流因子如北极涛动、西风等对青藏高原近地表风速的变化起着关键的调控作用。研究区平均风速的整体减弱与大尺度气压梯度力、局地气压梯度力的减弱、垂直动力和热力动量传输的减小以及青藏高原低涡频次变化等过程有关。（2）长三角地区年最大风速在1990-2015年呈快速下降趋势（-0.209 m s^-1 decade^-1，p < 0.05），城镇化速率较快区域的气象站点最大风速下降速率也越快，区域气候模式敏感性试验证实，快速城镇化引起的地表粗糙度增加，导致了长三角地区最大风速的下降。

The long-term change of wind speed has a serious impact on social and environmental problems such as soil wind erosion, air pollutant diffusion, wind energy resources exploitation. The global atmosphere is experiencing a rapid warming, which is accompanied by significant changes in near-surface wind speeds. Understanding the spatial and temporal variation and physical mechanism of regional wind speed, especially extreme wind speed, is of great significance for the comprehensive prevention of the abovementioned environmental issues. This study selected Tibetan Plateau that sensitive to climate change and rapidly urbanized Yangtze river delta as the study areas, with in-situ observations from China Meteorological Administration, the atmospheric reanalysis and satellite remote sensing as the foundation, using atmospheric dynamics analysis and regional climate model simulations, investigated average wind speed change in Tibetan Plateau in nearly 60 years, and revealed the influence of atmospheric circulation system on the mean wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau. Further, variation of the maximum wind speed in the Yangtze River Delta region were analyzed, and influence processes of rapid urbanization on the maximum wind speed in the Yangtze River Delta region were revealed. The results show that: (1) The annual mean near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau decreased significantly from 1961 to 2020 (-0.091 m s^-1 dec^-1, p < 0.05), and the trend of wind speed variation in different seasons was basically the same. Large-scale atmospheric circulation, such as Arctic oscillation and westerly, play a key role in regulating the variation of near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau. The overall decrease of the average wind speed in the study area is related to the decrease of the large-scale pressure gradient force and the regional pressure gradient force, the decrease of the vertical dynamic and thermal momentum transmission, and the change of the Tibetan Plateau vertex frequency. (2) The annual maximum wind speed in the Yangtze River Delta decreased rapidly from 1990 to 2015 (p < 0.05) at a rate of -0.209 m s^-1 dec^-1. The maximum wind speed of meteorological stations in regions with faster urbanization rate also decreased faster. The sensitivity experiment of regional climate model is confirmed that the increase of surface roughness induced by rapid urbanization has caused decrease of maximum wind speed in the study area.