插图是教科书的重要组成部分，随着中学历史教科书编纂技术的进步，民国时期中学历史教科书的插图呈现出时间越往后，插图越精确、丰富的特点，并且图文配合更加密切，由原来的黑白插图变成了彩色插图。教科书插图随着时代与国内外时局的发展而不断变化，抗战时期就有很多反映日本侵华以及中国人民奋力抗争的插图，而且还掀起讽刺画的高潮。在教科书中讽刺日本侵略的插图，不仅在史实上直观呈现，而且有利于爱国情感的培养。插图的设置与选择还反映了民国时期的教育观念，体现了科学观念、平等观念和共和观念。此外，受编纂者个人因素的影响，教科书中的插图也呈现出鲜明的个性特征。

Illustration is an important part in textbooks. With the development of the compilation technology, the illustrations in history books of middle school in the period of the Republic of China are more and more accurate and plentiful with the time going by. What's more, these illustrations cooperate with the texts and black-and-white illustrations are replaced by the colorful ones. Illustrations in textbooks are changing with the changes of the times and the situations in and out of our country. There appeared a lot of illustrations that represent Japan's invasion and the brave struggling of our people, which once caused the climax of cynic illustration. The illustrations in the textbooks not only can present the real history directly, but also be good to cultivate patriotism. The designation and choice of the illustration also represented the education conception in the period of the Republic of China and expresses the conception of science, equality and republicanism. Furthermore, because of the codifier's personal factors, the illustrations in the textbooks present distinct personal features.