清末，为了挽救统治危机，清政府进行了一系列政治改革。满族王公积极参与其中，试图通过改革政治制度以救亡图存。从权力分配角度来说，政治改革即权力的重新分配过程。满族王公在清末权力的重新分配中，扮演重要的角色，起到不可忽视的作用。 1900-1911年间，满族王公在中央行政机构中任职比例不断升高，权位越来越重，呈现出逐步集权的趋势。庚子后，迫于压力，清政府不得不进一步改变外交政策，由此，满族王公得以多次出洋游历。这些王公，皆身任要职，对清末政治改革均有影响。不仅职官、阅历发生了变化，满族王公的权势和政治心态也发生了变动。在清前期皇权巩固后，由于皇室的打压与防范，满族王公认识到必须谨慎保持与皇权的距离，故而他们长期保持趋公惟谨、明哲保身的政治心态，远离权力中心；晚清个别王公开始参与中枢决策，此后，满族王公入值军机处、总理衙门逐渐成为惯例；戊戌政变后，为调整咸同以后日渐变化的中央与地方、满与汉的权力格局，清皇室愈加倚重满族王公进行中央集权。庚子时期，满族王公群体出现分化，一部分满族王公继续明哲保身，趋公惟谨，另一部分则热衷权力，极端排外。庚子后，极端排外的王公被清理出政坛，满族王公遂愤发图强，加上出洋游历者日渐增多，大多数满族王公一改消极处世转而积极入仕，并由个别趋新扩展至群体趋新。满族王公在清末的政治心态变化，很大程度上反映了其对权力由忌惮到追逐的转变。满族王公纷纷出仕政坛，参与清末新政。他们积极支持清政府的军政改革，参与整顿陆军、支持设立陆军贵胄学堂、创建禁卫军并出洋考察陆军；建议清政府恢复海军，并为重建海军积极筹划；此外，甚至建议清政府尝试创办空军。满族王公支持清政府的军政改革，既是为了强大国防，也是为了将军权收归中央掌控。在军政改革的过程中，军权在制度上逐渐集中于满族王公之手。但由于受困于财政、王公自身能力及王公间的政争，满族王公参与的军政改革成效并不明显。满族王公还支持清政府仿行君主立宪，参与预备立宪。在清政府咨询是否进行宪政改革时，满族王公大多数主张从速宣布，但缓步慢行。满族王公的意见一定程度影响了清政府的最终决策。在丙午官制的议定中，参与编纂官制的满族王公支持设立责任内阁，但负责核定官制草案的庆亲王奕劻的态度却并非始终一致，而设立责任内阁的建议也并未得到慈禧太后最终认可。不过，由于清皇室继续倚重满族王公，故而满族王公对预备立宪的影响力犹在。开国会、设责任内阁是宪政改革的重要步骤，满族王公亦积极参与其中。在国会请愿运动中，满族王公分化为急进、缓进两派。通过笔者考察，满族王公中，不仅庆亲王奕劻主张缓行召开国会，甚至以往研究中被认为是急进派的载沣、毓朗，事实上也主张缓行召开国会。在组织责任内阁的过程中，围绕阁权、行政权、军权、财政权等权力的分配，满族王公又分为三派，展开政争。虽如此，但在维护君权最大化问题上，满族王公又是一致的。满族王公支持清政府改革军政与预备立宪，并力图影响清末的权力分配。通过平满汉畛域与中央集权，试图促成中央权力集于满族王公之手的新权力格局。他们在清末权力重新分配过程中，违背宪政平权宗旨，造成原本支持清政府的政治力量离心，最终导致清皇室丧失政权。南北和谈期间，清政府数次召开御前会议，讨论清皇室的进退抉择。绝大多数满族王公选择顺应共和，主张清帝退位；个别王公反对共和，主张继续开战。进入民国以后，满族王公群体虽抉择不同，但主要目的都是为了保留特权：顺应共和的王公希望通过优待条款，保有残存特权；筹谋复辟的王公则试图恢复旧制，恢复更多特权。同时，满族王公的出处抉择，也体现了政治改革下新旧价值观念的碰撞。传统价值观中的忠义、守节、忠君思想，在共和潮流的冲击下，发生了一定改变，但仍产生影响。满族王公在辛亥革命后的抉择，从一个侧面反映出了政治现代化的艰难。

In order to save the rule crisis, the Qing court carried out a series of political changes in late Qing period. The Manchu princes actively participated in the reforms, trying to improve the political system and then to save the dynasty. From the point of power distribution, the political reform is the process of redistribution of power. The Manchu princes played a significant role in the process of power redistribution in late Qing period.From 1900 to 1911, the number and proportion of the Manchu princes serving in the central administrative institutions had gradually increased. In addition, their powers were more and more heavy, showing a trend of gradual centralization during that time. After 1900, the Qing court had to change the diplomatic policies and the Manchu princes had the chance to travel abroad frequently, all of whom held important positions and added influences on political reforms.The power and mindset of the Manchu princes changed along with the imperial power. After the consolidating of imperial power in early Qing Dynasty, royalties recognized that they had to keep a certain distance from the imperial power since the suspicion and pressure from the emperor. They handled official business prudently and kept safe in a long period. However, the Empress Dowager attended to state affairs in the late Qing Dynasty since the emperor was too young. Thus the Manchu royalties serving in the Grand Council and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs became a custom. After The reform movement coup in 1898, more and more Manchu princes started their official careers since the court appointed them in order to change the power stucture between central and local and between Manchu and Han. In 1900, the Manchu princes divided into two parts. One part continued to be prudent while the other part tried to grasp power and exclude foreigners. After 1900, since the deepening foreign aggression stimulated Manchu princes to strive with determination and those who excluded foreigners were punished and some Manchu princes travelled aboard, the mindset of Manchu princes had changed into yearning for westernizatin and entering the official careers actively. This reflect that their attitudes on power changing from alienate to seize actively. They also attended state affairs actively and took part in the political reforms in late Qing dynasty.The Manchu princes supported the court to clear up the army and participated in the establishing of Noble Army School and set up the Praetorian Guard and investigated the army aboard. In addition, they also suggested that the Qing government restore the navy by making the recovery plan and visiting the navy aboard. They even tried to establish the air force. They launched the military transformation with the characteristics of centralization, westernization and militarism. They supported the military reforms not only to improve the ability of national defense, but also to take the military power back to the central control. In this process, the military power was concentrated in the hands of the Manchu princes. But due to the budget limit, incompetence and political struggle, the reforms were not effective.The Manchu princes also supported the court to put forward the constitutional monarchy and participated in the preparation for constitutionalism. When the court discuss whether carried out the constitutional reform, they agreed rapid announcement but gradual implementment. Their views affected the final decision of the court and thus the court announced the preparation for constitutionalism in 1906. Immediately, they took part in the reform of official system in 1906. However, the Manchu princes’ suggestions about the official reform were not accepted by Empress Dowager. Even so, she continued to trust on them and thus the Manchu royalties still had influences on constitutional change. Holding Congress and building a responsible cabinet were important steps for constitutional reform. The Manchu princes’ attitudes divided into radical group and temperate group duiring the Congress petition movement. In the research, not only Prince Yikuang advocated to hold the congress slowly, Prince Zaifeng and Yu Lang, who were often considered to belong to the radical group in previous studies, also supported to hold Congress slowly. The Manchu princes agreed to hold the Congress rapidly with the purpose of saving the Qing regime. Therefore they actually arrived at the same end by different means. In the process of organizing responsibility cabinet, they divided into three groups and debated on Cabinet power, monarchical power, military power and executive power. But they were on the same side on the maximum of monarchy.The Manchu princes supported the court to carry out political and military reforms, and in this process they tried to influence the distribution of power in the late Qing dynasty. They contributed to the concentration of power through eliminating the gaps between Manchu and Han. However, the new power pattern led to the political forces that originally supported the court turned to object to it. Their supporting of the political reforms intended to consolidate the rule of the Qing Royal family, but led to the royal family lost power eventually.After the Wu-chang Uprising in less than two months, the Manchu princes were forced to give up the central power. In the imperial conference, their opinions divided into two groups: calling for the battle and disputing repeatedly. The vast majority of Manchu princes finally chose the republic system, while few chose to fight against the republic and planned for restoration. To some extent, they wanted to retain the privilege and did not want to the real implementation of equal rights although their choices were different in the Republic of China. Their choices also reflect the political changes under the collision between old and new values. As the republican tide impacted, the traditional values such as loyalty and chastity had changed. Their choices were in accordance with the trend of the republican tide.From one side their choices also reflected that the realization of democracy and equality was difficultly.