草麻黄（Ephedra sinica Stapf.）是一种灌木状植物，具有极高的药用价值，在传统中药领域应用广泛，需求量巨大。麻黄碱与伪麻黄碱是草麻黄的主要次生代谢产物，也是其发挥药效的基本成分。近年来，市场价格的抬升造成草麻黄的损毁性采摘，加之气候变化与人类活动导致干旱半干旱地区草地荒漠化加剧，使得草麻黄的生存环境进一步恶化，数量和质量均急剧下降。因此，有必要对草麻黄进行空间规划，可视化其分布与品质格局，增强草麻黄的保护并提高其可持续利用能力。基于此，本研究首先进行了草麻黄的生态适宜性区划，利用气候、土壤、地形和人类活动等环境因子与草麻黄分布数据，评估多组生态位模型的参数化方案，择其优输入MaxEnt模型对草麻黄进行适宜生境预测并根据适宜生境预测结果提取出重要适宜生境（important suitable habitat，ISH），分析草麻黄适宜性分布的主要影响因子。其次，本研究进行了指标成分的空间品质区划，将麻黄碱，伪麻黄碱及两者之和（下称总和）作为研究草麻黄品质的指标成分，基于统计插值法与空间插值法创新构建空间品质模型（geospatial quality model，GQM），将三者含量与环境因子联系，预测麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱及总和在研究区内的空间格局，同时分析其空间差异主要驱动因子。最后，根据生态适宜性区划与空间品质区划结果构建复合空间品质模型（comprehensive geospatial quality model，QGQM），得到草麻黄关于麻黄碱、伪麻黄碱及总和的空间分布格局，并由高到低划分三级生产区划。研究表明：

（1）AUC、ΔAIC及遗漏率等指标结果表明，MaxEnt模型在预测内蒙古草麻黄适宜性方面具有良好的模拟精度。根据结果，草麻黄的适宜生境面积为70.75 × 10⁴ km²，约占内蒙古面积的60%。其ISH主要分布于内蒙古的东南部与中西部交界处，涉及兴安盟、通辽市、赤峰市、锡林郭勒盟、乌兰察布市、呼和浩特市、包头市、鄂尔多斯市、乌海市、巴彦淖尔市等十个市级行政区。根据环境因子响应曲线可知，气候与人类活动是影响草麻黄分布的主要因子，主要包括温度年变幅、全球人类对陆地系统的改造、降水变异系数、太阳辐射和年降水量。

（2）根据评价指标结果可知，GQM所得结果可靠。评估结果表明，麻黄碱在内蒙古范围内的含量为0.5160 ~ 1.2184%，其中内蒙古东部、中部及西部的巴彦淖尔地区含量较高，而西部其他地区含量较低，影响麻黄碱含量的主要环境因子为平均气温日较差与坡向。伪麻黄碱的含量范围为0.0850 ~1.3428%，在内蒙古范围内大体呈现中部高于东西，北部高于南部的趋势，影响伪麻黄碱含量空间差异的主要驱动因子为最湿季度均温、最暖季度均温与蒸气压。总和的含量范围为0.5025 ~ 2.7653%，含量最高的区域分布在蒙东北部、蒙中及蒙西东部，其含量空间差异的分布与伪麻黄碱相同，大体呈现中部高于东西，北部高于南部的趋势，主要驱动因子为蒸气压、最湿季度均温、最热月最高温与坡度。

（3）根据CGQM结果，麻黄碱的空间差异大体呈现蒙中、蒙东较高，蒙西低的趋势，其二级以上生产区划主要为锡林郭勒盟、赤峰市、通辽市、乌兰察布市、巴彦淖尔市、兴安盟的ISH范围。伪麻黄碱的空间差异呈现明显的西高东低趋势，其二级以上生产区划分布于锡林郭勒盟、鄂尔多斯市、乌兰察布市、巴彦淖尔市及包头市与呼和浩特市的ISH范围。总和的空间差异趋势同伪麻黄碱相似，呈现西高东低，内蒙古的ISH范围基本均可作为提取符合药典标准（二级以上生产区划）的草麻黄生产区，总和的一级生产区划主要分布于锡林郭勒盟、鄂尔多斯市、乌兰察布市、巴彦淖尔市、包头市、呼和浩特市及呼伦贝尔市的ISH范围内。

Ephedra sinica Stapf. is a shrubby plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine due to its high level of medicinal value, thus, it is in high demand. Ephedrine (E) and pseudoephedrine (PE) are key medicinal components and quality indicators for E. sinica. These two ephedrine-type alkaloids are basic elements that exert the medicinal effect of E. sinica. Recently, indiscriminate destruction and grassland desertification have caused the quantity and quality of these pharmacological plants to degenerate. Predicting potentially suitable habitat for high-quality E. sinica is essential for its future conservation and domestication. In this study, MaxEnt software was utilized to map suitable habitats for E. sinica in Inner Mongolia based on occurrence data and a set of variables related to climate, soil, topography and human impact and the important influencing factors were analyzed. The model parametrization of ManEnt was optimized by evaluating alternative combinations of feature classes and regularization multiplier. Secondly, according to pharmacopoeia, our study took E, PE and the total of E and PE(Total) as the indicator contents of the geospatial quality of E. sinica. Statistical interpolation and spatial interpolation were used to establish a geospatial quality model (GQM), connecting E, PE and Total contents with environmental variables, predicting their spatial pattern in the study area, and analyzing their main driving factors at the same time. Finally, the production regionalization of ephedrine alkaloid contents was established based on the results of the suitable habitat of E. sinica and the geospatial quality of E, PE and Total. The production regionalization of E, PE and Total for E. sinica was divided into three levels from high to low. Research indicates:

(1) According to the AUC, ΔAIC and the rate of omissions, the result of MaxEnt model used to predict the suitable habitat of E. sinica performed well. In Inner Mongolia, the suitable habitat area of E. sinica was 70.75 × 10⁴ km², accounting for approximately 60% of the study area. The medium suitable habitat and high suitable habitat are regarded as important suitable habitat (ISH) in this study, which are primarily distributed in the southeastern and the junction of central and western parts of Inner Mongolia. E. sinica was found in a large scale in ten municipal administrative regions, including Hinggan League, Tongliao, Chifeng, Xilin Gol League, Wulanchabu, Hohhot, Baotou, Ordos, Wuhai and Bayannur. Climate and human activities, according to the response curve of environmental factors, are the main factors influencing the distribution of E. sinica, including mean diurnal temperature range, global human modification of terrestrial systems, coefficient of variation of precipitation, solar radiation, and annual precipitation.

(2) According to the evaluation index, the results obtained by the GQM are reliable. E content in Inner Mongolia ranges from 0.5160% to 1.2184%, and it is higher in the eastern, the junction of central and western parts of Inner Mongolia, while the E content is lower in the western most part. The environmental factors affecting the composition of E are mainly the Mean diurnal temperature range and aspect. The content of PE ranged from 0.0850% to 1.3428%, and the central part was higher than the east and west, while the north was higher than the south in Inner Mongolia. The main driving factors of the geospatial difference of PE were the mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean temperature of warmest quarter and vapour pressure. Total ranges from 0.5025% to 2.7653%, and the highest content is distributed in the northern part of eastern Inner Mongolia, central Inner Mongolia and the eastern part of western Inner Mongolia. The spatial variation trend of the Total is similar to pseudoephedrine, which is the central region is higher than the east and west, and the north is higher than the south. The main influencing factors for Total are vapour pressure, mean temperature of wettest quarter, Max temperature of warmest month and slope.

(3) According to the CGQM results, the spatial difference for E of E. sinica showed a trend of high in the middle and east, and low in the west. Secondary and above production zoning were in the ISH range of Xilin Gol League, Chifeng, Tongliao, Wulanchabu, Bayannur and Xingan League. The spatial difference for PE of E. sinica showed an obvious trend of higher in the west and lower in the east, and its secondary and above production zoning were distributed in Xilin Gol League, Ordos, Wulanchabu, Bayannur, Baotou and Hohhot. The spatial difference trend for Total of E. sinica, showing high in the west and low in the east. The ISH range of Inner Mongolia can almost be used as area for extracting ephedrine alkaloids of E. sinica that meets the pharmacopoeia standard (secondary and above production zoning of Total). The primary production zones of the Total are mainly distributed in the ISH area of Xilin Gol League, Ordos, Wulanchabu, Bayannur, Baotou, Hohhot and Hulun Buir.