劳动价值观是人们对劳动的根本看法，主要体现在人们对劳动的作用、劳动的地位以及劳动概念本身的演变三个方面的看法。从劳动视角对中国现代化进程进行研究，旨在解读劳动价值观的变迁，找出劳动价值观的特征，理解劳动在现代化进程中的作用。 现代中国劳动价值观可以分为五个时期，即奠基时期、兴起时期、革命劳动价值观的形成时期、革命劳动价值观的延续与极端化时期、多元化时期。这五个时期大致可以归为三个阶段：第一阶段为奠基和兴起时期，这主要是受启蒙思想的影响；第二阶段为革命劳动价值观的形成、延续与极端化时期，这是革命的结果；第三阶段为劳动价值观的多元化时期，这主要是资本等地位上升的作用。 现代中国劳动价值观的奠定与兴起是启蒙思想影响的结果。近代中国，传统文化开始解体，人们长期被禁锢的思想逐渐松动，各种思潮得以传播。进化论的引进为知识界注入了活力，受西方思想影响的先进知识分子具有了初步的平等思想，这为劳动地位的上升奠定了思想基础。生产力的发展与文明模式的转换为劳动地位的上升奠定了经济基础。皇权专制的废除以及民国的建立为劳动地位的上升奠定了政治基础。知识分子提出了“劳工神圣”的口号，这一口号发展成为一种思潮并得以广泛传播，与此同时民粹主义兴起，这些都促进了劳动地位的上升。无政府主义极其推崇劳动，主张劳动者应当互助合作，然而受其影响出现的新村运动、工读互助运动最终都遭到失败，这证明了无政府主义的空想性。中国共产党继承了“劳工神圣”思想并受唯物史观的指导把工农劳动者作为革命的主力，这促进了劳动者地位的上升并推动了革命劳动价值观的兴起。 革命劳动价值观的形成、延续及极端化是在中国共产党领导的革命和建设过程中出现的。中国共产党依靠工农劳动者开展土地革命，进行武装夺权。为了解决当时严重的物质短缺问题，陕甘宁边区政府开展了以劳动竞赛为形式的大生产运动，最终形成了让劳动者做“主人翁”与“革命者”的革命劳动价值观。在这种价值观下，劳动即是革命，劳动者的劳动是为了其整体利益和长远利益。这一时期国民党也重视劳动者并承认劳动问题的存在，但他们反对劳工运动，强调劳资协调，形成了协调劳动价值观。同时，自由知识分子主张劳资双方平等进而形成了平等劳动价值观。以上这三种劳动价值观都强调了劳动者的重要地位，这体现了现代社会形成中没有哪一个主义、哪一个政党、哪一个派别不重视劳动者。新中国成立后在集体主义的引导和阶级划分的推动下，工农劳动者地位空前提高，“劳动光荣”成为了社会风气。此时的劳动专指体力劳动，知识分子被排除在劳动者之外成为被改造的对象。社会主义改造完成以后，公有制得到了确立，让劳动者做“革命者”和“主人翁”的革命劳动价值观得以延续。然而，在政治形势的影响下，国家追求劳动者的绝对平等，革命劳动价值观出现了极端化，这对社会秩序造成了严重破坏，最终也损害了劳动者的利益。 劳动价值观多元化的形成是资本等地位上升作用的结果。改革初期，平均主义“大锅饭”得以破除，生产责任制得到推广，人们的劳动积极性被调动起来。随着市场经济的进一步发展，多种所有制出现，非公有制经济中劳动者不再是生产资料的主人，资本、管理、知识等非劳动要素参与收入分配并逐步取得了优势地位，劳动不再单指体力劳动而是包含了知识、管理、创新等因素，也形成了劳动价值观的多元化，但在多元化中又蕴含着新的统一性。劳动者更加注重个体利益，革命劳动价值观逐渐走向衰落。人们的劳动目的和劳动态度趋向多样化，劳动价值观的多元化初步形成。 劳动价值观的演变影响了人们的社会实践，并推动了中国现代化的进程。现代中国劳动价值观的研究对我们当下及以后更深入地认识劳动问题，乃至更加全面的理解现代中国，无疑都具有重要意义。

Labor values are people's basic views on labor, which are mainly embodied in three aspects: the role of labor, the status of labor and the evolution of the concept of labor itself. This dissertation studies the process of China's modernization from the perspective of labor, aiming at interpreting the changes of labor values, finding out the characteristics of labor values, and understanding the role of labor in the process of modernization. Modern Chinese labor values can be divided into five periods, namely, the foundation period, the rise period, the formation period of revolutionary labor values, the continuation and extremization period of revolutionary labor values, and the pluralistic period. These five periods can be roughly divided into three stages: the first stage is the period of foundation-laying and rising, which is mainly influenced by the enlightenment thought; the second stage is the period of formation, continuation and extremization of revolutionary labor values, which is the result of revolution; the third stage is the period of diversification of labor values, which is mainly the role of rising capital and other status. The establishment and rise of labor values in modern China is the result of the influence of enlightenment. In modern China, traditional culture began to disintegrate, people's long-term imprisoned ideas gradually loosened, and various trends of thought were disseminated. The introduction of evolutionism has injected vigor into the intellectuals, and the advanced intellectuals influenced by western thoughts have preliminary ideas of freedom and equality, which has laid the ideological foundation for the rise of labor status. The development of productive forces and the transformation of civilized mode have laid the economic foundation for the rise of labor status. The abolition of imperial autocracy and the establishment of the Republic of China laid a political foundation for the rise of labor status. Intellectuals put forward the slogan "Labor is sacred", which developed into a trend of thought and was widely disseminated. At the same time, populism rose, which promoted the rise of labor status. Anarchism highly esteems labor and advocates that laborers should cooperate with each other. However, the new village movement and the work-study mutual aid movement, which are affected by it, have all failed in the end, which proves the fantasy of anarchism. The Communist Party of China inherited the idea of "sacred labor" and took workers and peasants as the main force of revolution under the guidance of historical materialism, which promoted the rise of the status of workers and promoted the rise of revolutionary labor values. The formation, continuation and extremization of revolutionary labor values appeared in the process of revolution and construction led by the Communist Party of China. The Communist Party of China relies on workers and peasants to carry out the agrarian revolution and seize power armed. In order to solve the serious material shortage problem at that time, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government launched a large-scale production campaign in the form of labor competition, and finally formed the revolutionary labor values of "masters" and "revolutionaries". Under this kind of value, labor is revolution, and workers'labor is for their overall and long-term interests. During this period, the Kuomintang also paid attention to workers and acknowledged the existence of labor problems, but they opposed the labor movement, emphasized the coordination of labor and capital, and formed the coordinated labor values. At the same time, the liberal intellectuals advocated the equality of both sides of labor and management, thus forming the equal value of labor. These three labor values all emphasize the important position of workers, which reflects that there is no one principle, which party, which faction does not attach importance to workers in the formation of modern society. After the founding of New China, under the guidance of collectivism and the promotion of class division, the status of workers and peasants has improved unprecedentedly, and the "glory of labor" has become the social atmosphere. At this time, labor refers to manual labor, and intellectuals are excluded from the workers and become the object of transformation. After the completion of socialist transformation, public ownership has been established, so that the revolutionary labor values of workers as "revolutionaries" and "masters" can be continued. However, under the influence of the political situation, the state pursues the absolute equality of workers, and the revolutionary labor values have been extremized, which has caused serious damage to the social order and ultimately damaged the interests of workers. The formation of diversification of labor values is the result of the rising role of capital and other status. At the beginning of the reform, the equalitarianism "big pot rice" was abolished, the production responsibility system was promoted, and people's enthusiasm for labor was mobilized. With the further development of market economy and the emergence of multiple ownership systems, workers in non-public ownership economy are no longer the masters of means of production. Capital, management, knowledge and other non-labor factors participate in income distribution and gradually acquire a dominant position. Labor no longer refers to manual labor alone, but includes knowledge, management, innovation and other factors. It also forms the diversification of labor values. There is a new unity in pluralism. Workers pay more attention to individual interests, and revolutionary labor values gradually decline. People's labor aims and attitudes tend to be diversified, and the diversification of labor values has initially taken shape. The evolution of labor values has influenced people's social practice and promoted the process of China's modernization. The study of labor values in modern China is undoubtedly of great significance for us to have a deeper understanding of labor issues and even a more comprehensive understanding of modern China.