摘　要民主社会主义是国内学术研究的一个重要论域，然而学术界对民主社会主义的认知和评价取向却莫衷一是。有些学者对民主社会主义持否定态度，认为民主社会主义实质是修正主义，是对马克思主义的背叛和科学社会主义的否定，我们应该加以批判、拒斥；另一部分学者则对民主社会主义持肯定态度，充分认可它们的理论创新和实践效应，甚至主张走民主社会主义的道路。本文在理解双方观点的基础上进行客观的分析，试图将民主社会主义的出现解读为欧洲语境下社会主义理论的范式转换。一方面，范式转换说明了民主社会主义与马克思主义根本性的差异，我们不能走民主社会主义道路。另一方面，虽然范式转换澄清了二者的本质区别，但并不包含理论优先性、正统性的价值评判，有利于缓和对立观点的争论。为什么在欧洲语境下社会主义理论会出现范式转换？首先，文章试图从一个新的问题域来看待这个问题。民主社会主义将自由、公正、团结互助奉为基本价值观，而这些价值观是自由、平等、博爱的现代版本，所以可以追溯到启蒙运动。通过对启蒙运动的追问，我们发现它有两大要素，即自由、平等、博爱的三位一体价值观和理性主义精神，而且理性和价值的张力关系是审视启蒙运动的一个视角。其次，通过对社会主义与启蒙运动的共时性历史进程的考察分析，我们可以发现社会主义理论的发展深受启蒙的两大构成要素及其关系的影响，西方学者们的评述也印证了这个看法。因此，文章试图说明从理性、价值及其关系的问题域来看待社会主义理论在欧洲的发展变化是可能的。从理性、价值及其关系的问题域出发来探求欧洲语境下民主社会主义对社会主义理论进行范式转换的原因，可以从四个方面来阐释其必要性。首先，马克思、恩格斯晚年已经认识到科学社会主义理论被僵化理解、走向绝对论的危险，体现了理性走向绝对化的特征。其次，随着社会主义理论中决定论因素被推崇，价值维度则衰落，关于人的自由全面发展的共产主义价值追求被忽视，体现出理性和价值张力的失衡、理性对价值的僭越。再次，西方学者从理性主义角度对社会主义理论进行批判，证实了社会主义理论中理性和价值张力失衡的问题。最后，理论上问题终将表征在实践中。理性和价值关系的失衡在实践中体现为德国社会民主党出现了二元论。在欧洲语境下民主社会主义对社会主义理论进行了怎样的范式转换？首先，文章通过解读两个代表性纲领来阐明范式转换的文本依据。然后，文章对范式转换进行系统地归结，体现在以下几个方面：（1）理论基础从理性向价值的转移；（2）社会主义目的价值重建、社会主义手段的多元化发展；（3）社会主义基本价值的重新诠释、价值关系的重组。最后，文章通过西方哲学史与民主社会主义文本资料的比较研究来说明：从理性向价值的转移符合时代哲学的发展趋势。而且，哲学发展的逻辑理路也可以被看作是民主社会主义进行理论变革的哲学依据。文章的最后部分是对民主社会主义的简单评析和参考借鉴。首先，我们应该承认民主社会主义进行的范式转换取得了一定的成果，理论的转变是战后社会党重新上台执政的重要原因。同时，我们也应该认识到范式转换呈现出多元、异质的后现代色彩，带来了一些迷茫和危机。民主社会主义的理论转变和二十世纪末欧洲社会党的持续低潮有着重要的关联。最后，我们不能走民主社会主义的道路，但是对它的分析研究对当前中国全面深化改革有重要借鉴意义。首先，我们可以借鉴民主社会主义的多元化取向，增进社会的活力。其次，我们也可以借鉴价值维度的发展，推进社会主义核心价值观建设。

AbstractDemocratic socialism is an important field in domestic academic research but the cognition and value orientation of democratic socialism are unable to agree on which is right. Some scholars hold a negative attitude toward the democratic socialism, that democratic socialism is revisionism, which is denial of the Marxism and negation of scientific socialism, we should criticize and reject democratic socialism; another part of the scholars hold the affirmative attitude to the democratic socialism, think their theory innovation and practice effect should be fully recognized, or even advocate the Democratic Socialist road. On the basis of respect for both sides, this paper regards the development of democratic socialism as the paradigm shift of socialism theory under European context. On one hand, the paradigm shift clarifies the essential differences between democratic socialism and Marxism, We can't walk the road of democratic socialism; on the other hand, the paradigm shift clarifies their essential difference, which does not mean the theory priority and the legitimacy of value judgement, and is beneficial to weaken the ideological overtones. Why does the paradigm shift appear in the socialism theory under the European context? This paper will first try to expound a new problem area to view the problem. Democratic socialism advocates socialist values and regards liberty, justice and solidarity as the core values while those values are the modern version of liberty, equality and fraternity, so that it can date back to the enlightenment. By tracing the enlightenment we can find that it has two elements, the value of the trinity of liberty, equality and fraternity, and the spirit of rationalism. The relation of tension between rationality and value is a view to inspect the enlightenment. Meanwhile, by inspecting the synchronous development of socialism, we can find that socialism is deeply influenced by the spirit of rationalism of enlightenment and the trinity values. Remarks of western scholars have already proved this opinion. Therefore, this paper tries to illustrate that it is possible to analyze the development of socialism theory in Europe from the view of the relations between rationality and value.Starting from the problem area of the relations between rationality and value to pursue the cause of paradigm shift of democratic socialism under European context, we can illustrate its necessity from four aspects. First, Marx and Engels at their twilight ages had realized that the scientific socialism theory had the risks of being understood rigidly and going to the absolutism, which reveals the feature of rationality goes to absolutization. Second, with the praising of the determinism in socialism theory and the falling of the value dimension, the pursuit of the value of communism which concerns human's freedom and full development has been ignored. Third, western scholars have criticized the socialism theory from the view of rationalism and proved the tension imbalance between rationality and value in socialism theory. At last, the problems of socialism theory will finally represent in the practice. The dualism appeared in the Social Democratic Party of Germany reveals the imbalance between rationality and value.How does the democratic socialism make the paradigm shift toward the socialism theory under European context? The paper first through interpreting two representative platforms to illustrate the text basis of paradigm shift, then giving a systematic summarization to the paradigm shift, here are the results: (1) the shift of theoretical basis and focus from rationality to value,(2) the reconstruction of socialism goal and diversified development of socialism ways, (3) the re-interpretation of socialist basic value and the reorganization of value relation. Finally, by combining the history of western philosophy and the historical texts of democratic socialism, this paper will illustrate the development from rationality to value is in keeping with the development trend of philosophy of the times and the development trend of democratic socialism drawing on modern philosophy.The last part of this paper is the simple review and reference of democratic socialism. First, we should admit it that the paradigm shift of democratic socialism theory has beard fruit. The shift of theory is a key point that the socialist party can come back to power after the war. Meanwhile, we should also realize that the paradigm shift presents diverse and heterogeneous post-modern style while it also brings hazes and risks. The theoretical shift of democratic socialism has important connection with the continuous depression of European democratic socialism since the late 20th century. Finally, the study of democratic socialism can provide reference value for the current comprehensively deepen reform in China. We can reference diverse orientations of democratic socialism to boom social activity and meanwhile we can use their development of value dimension for reference to promote the construction of our socialist core values.