随着经济的发展，能源与环境问题越来越受到世人的关注。“十一五”期间，根据我国经济发展状况，中央政府明确制定了以节约能源与减少污染排放为目的的节能减排政策，并付诸实施。然而在政策执行过程中，却出现了如“拉闸限电”、“违规排放”等诸多问题。因此，对节能减排政策执行过程中的相关主体的行为进行研究，探讨问题发生的深层次原因，并提出完善政策执行的建议，具有重要的现实意义。根据节能减排政策执行中的相关主体的不同利益需求，将政策执行相关主体划分为地方政府、政府主管部门、政府主管部门人员、企业、利益相关群体以及舆论媒体等六个部分，并运用公共选择理论、外部性理论、公共物品理论、寻租理论和博弈理论对相关主体在政策执行过程中的行为进行分析，探究政策执行行为偏差的原因。由于对政治、经济及其他利益的追求，从而造成了相关主体在节能减排政策执行过程中寻租、博弈及合谋等一系列行为的产生，导致了政策意图与政策结果的差异。在对政策执行相关主体行为分析的基础上，提出目前解决节能减排政策执行偏差的相关建议：（1）完善节能减排政策执行的法制保证；（2）充分发挥审计监督作用，将节能减排政策执行情况纳入领导干部经济责任审计内容；（3）理顺政府主管部门之间关系，完善各部门统一协调机制，（4）完善现行能源统计调查方法制度；（5）加强节能减排政策执行监督，提高违法行为成本；（6）创新政策执行手段和工具，建立节能减排长效机制；（7）加强对企业违法行为的行业监管，加大违法惩处力度；（8）加大企业节能减排资金技术扶持力度，合理引导企业转变发展方式；（9）完善对节能减排政策执行情况的社会监督机制。关键词：节能减排；政策执行；主体行为

With the development of economy, energy and environment problem more and more get the attention of the world. "11th five-year plan" period, according to China's economic development, the central government clearly formulated to save energy and reduce pollution discharge energy saving and emission reduction policy for the purpose of and put into practice. However, in policy implementation process, but there was such as "a switch power brownouts", many problems, such as illegal emissions. Therefore, the energy conservation and emission reduction policy execution in the conduct of the related subject research and discuss problems occur, and puts forward the deep reasons of policy implementation suggestion, perfect has important practical significance. According to the energy saving and emission reduction policy implementation of related subjects, different interest demand policy implementation related subject is divided into local governments, government departments, government department personnel, enterprise, stakeholders and public media and so on six parts, and using the public choice theory, externality theory, the theory of public goods, rent-seeking theories and game theory to related subject in policy implementation are analyzed, explore the behavior reasons for deviation of policy implementation behavior. Because of the political, economic and other benefits, which causes the pursuit of energy saving and emission reduction related subject in the policy implementation process of rent-seeking, game and conspiring to produce a series of behavior led to the policy intentions and policy differences. In on policy implementation related subject behavior analysis foundation, the present solve energy conservation and emission reduction policy executive deviation related Suggestions: (1) perfect the legal system of policy implementation of energy saving and emission reduction warranty; (2) fully exert audit supervision function, energy saving and emission reduction policy implementation will be included in the economical responsibility audit of leading cadres content; (3) rationalizing the government department, improve the relations between various departments unified coordination mechanism, (4) perfect the current energy statistical survey methods system; (5) strengthen energy conservation and emission reduction policy execution supervision, improving the illegal behavior costs; (6) innovation policy implementation methods and tools, set up long-term mechanism of energy saving and emission reduction; (7) to strengthen the enterprise's illegal activities illegal industry regulator, the increasing punishment; (8) increase enterprise energy conservation and emission reduction technology and financial support, reasonable guide enterprises to change development mode; (9) perfect for energy conservation and emission reduction policy implementation of social supervision mechanism. Keywords: energy saving and emission reduction; Policy implementation; subject behavior