1907年12月，清政府邮传部于收赎京汉铁路之际奏请设立交通银行，清政府批准照办。交通银行遂于1908年3月4日正式成立，是为近代中国成立最早的自办银行之一。交通银行成立后，邮传部对交行人事任免、组织制度、管理监督、业务运营等方面都极力控制，以增强其对交通银行的影响力与控制力，由此造成了对交通银行的双重影响。一方面，为使交通银行更好地为其服务，邮传部利用自身特有优势，积极致力于推动交通银行的发展，为交通银行的股本招集、业务经营及分支机构的拓展等方面都发挥了积极作用。然而，另一方面，又因其极力控制与封建官僚陋习，导致交通银行在制度、经营方面都存在较为严重的缺陷，封建官僚腐败滋生，不可避免地产生了一系列消极影响。

In December 1907, under the movement of redeem the Jinghan Railway, the Ministry of Postal Delivery of the Qing government put forward to setting up Bank of Communications. Within the Qing government’s approval, Bank of Communications was founded on March 4, 1908, becoming one of the earliest Chinese own banks in modern China. After the bank was established, the Ministry of Postal Delivery took strongly control on its personnel administration, organizational system, management and supervision, and business operations, so as to enhance its influence and control force on Bank of Communications, which resulted in the double impact on the bank. On the one hand, in order to make Bank of Communications provide better services, the Ministry of Postal Delivery, using its own special advantages and working actively to promote the development of Bank of Communications, has played an important role in the bank’s share subscription, business development and branch expansions. However, on the other hand, it is because of the Ministry of Postal Delivery’s strongly incessant control and the Qing government’s feudal bureaucratic practices that caused the bank’s system defect, business limitation and feudal bureaucratic corruption, which inevitably produced a series of negative effects.