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中文题名:

 幼儿园班级文化差异及其原因分析—以北京市J园大班为例    

姓名:

 武娟    

保密级别:

 公开    

论文语种:

 中文    

学科代码:

 045118    

学科专业:

 学前教育    

学生类型:

 硕士    

学位:

 教育硕士    

学位类型:

 专业学位    

学位年度:

 2020    

校区:

 北京校区培养    

学院:

 教育学部    

研究方向:

 幼儿园班级文化    

第一导师姓名:

 杜继纲    

第一导师单位:

 北京师范大学教育学部    

提交日期:

 2020-06-22    

答辩日期:

 2020-06-02    

外文题名:

 Kindergarten Class Cultural Differences and Its Causes ——Take Beijing Garden J Class as a Case    

中文关键词:

 班级文化 ; 文化差异 ; 幼儿园班级文化    

外文关键词:

 Class culture ; Cultural differences ; Kindergarten class culture    

中文摘要:

随着班级文化建设的相关研究如火如荼地展开,幼儿园学段的研究还处于经验总结的初级阶段,一线幼教工作者对班级文化的重视程度且理解存在差异,使得同一园所内的班级展现出不同的精神文化样貌。营造良好的班级文化能够对班级成员具有导向和凝聚作用。因此,为了建构和丰富幼儿园班级文化的相关理论并提升教师对班级文化的认同感,本研究基于理论与实践耦合的原则,探究幼儿园班级文化所含内容并基于现实场域分析JAB两个班的文化差异,在深入探究原因的基础上提出相应建议。本研究主体部分包括:

第一部分,在文献整理的基础上确定班级文化一级维度和二级维度,结合J园教师的访谈对班级文化进行编码获得实践场域中的班级文化内容框架。在J园中教师们普遍认为班级文化是一种班级环境和氛围,人际关系是其主要标识,班级文化渗透在班级规则和活动组织中,展现在以主题活动为线索的环境创设中。

第二部分,通过访谈,获得实践场域中教师在分析班级文化时使用的独特话语体系,确定幼儿、教师和环境三个层面并分别聚焦同伴关系、师幼关系和主题墙面三个对象。通过分析,获得JAB两个班级在三个层面上不同的文化表现。在同伴关系中,A班幼儿之间的交流更多集中在小群体内部,幼儿对班级归属感较弱。B班幼儿之间互动较频繁,群体内部有积极的同伴带动现象,班级整体凝聚力较强;A班呈现疏离型师幼关系,师幼互动时教师情绪表达较平淡,班级呈现安静平和的氛围。B班呈现亲密型师幼关系,教师给予幼儿较大空间,幼儿发起互动较多,班级呈现宽松自主的氛围;在主题墙面上,A班墙面美观且材料丰富,但内容连接性较弱且偏重艺术领域,教师和家长参与度较高,幼儿参与度具有个体差异性B班墙面内容所涉领域较广且逻辑性较强,重视师幼共创,教师和幼儿的参与度较高。

第三部分,在揭示两个班级文化差异的基础上探究产生差异的原因,一方面探究各层面产生文化差异的原因,其中最主要的是教师因素,如教师的性格特点、教育理念、专业特长、专业能力等,除此之外还有幼儿、园所制度的影响;另一方面挖掘各层次在形成班级文化过程中的关系以及产生的统整性影响。

最后,在结论与讨论部分,基于以上分析的班级文化内容、班级文化差异表现及原因,提出建设班级文化、营造良好班级氛围的建议以及对本研究的思考。

外文摘要:

With the development of the relevant studies on the construction of class culture, the research of the kindergarten stage is still in the preliminary stage of experience summary. There is a difference in the level of attention and understanding of class culture among first-line preschool workers, so that the classes in the same garden show different spiritual and cultural appearances. Creating a good class culture can have a guiding and cohesive effect on class members. Therefore, in order to construct and enrich the relevant theories of the kindergarten class culture and enhance the teachers' recognition of the class culture,this study is based on the principle of theory and practice of coupling, explore the content of the class culture and based on the analysis of field J garden in class A, B two cultural differences, on the basis of delve into its reason are also proposed. The main part of this study includes:

In the first part, the first-level and second-level dimensions of class culture were determined on the basis of literature sorting, and the cultural content framework of the class in practice field was obtained by coding the class culture based on the interviews with teachers in J garden.In J garden, teachers generally believe that class culture is a kind of class environment and atmosphere, and interpersonal relationship is its main symbol. Class culture is permeated in class rules and activity organization, and displayed in the environment creation with theme activity as the clue. 

The second part, through interviews, obtains the unique discourse system used by teachers in the analysis of class culture in the field of practice, determines the three levels of children, teachers and environment and focuses on the three objects of peer relationship, teacher-child relationship and theme wall. Through analysis, different cultural performances of A and B in J garden were obtained. In the peer relationship, the communication between children in class A is more concentrated in a small group, and children have a weaker sense of belonging to the class. Class B children interact more frequently, and there is a positive peer-driven phenomenon within the group, the overall cohesion of the class is strong; Class A presents a "distant" teacher-child relationship, the teacher's emotional expression during teacher-child interaction is relatively flat, and the class presents a "quiet and peaceful "atmosphere. Class B presents an "intimate" relationship between teachers and children. Teachers give children more space, children initiate more interactions, and the class presents a "loose and independent" atmosphere;On the theme walls, the walls of Class A are beautiful and rich in materials, but the content connectivity is weak and the emphasis is on the art field. The participation of teachers and parents is high, and the participation of children has individual differences. The content of the wall content of Class B is wider and more logical, and it attaches importance to the "creation by teachers and children", and the participation of teachers and children is high.

The third part is to explore the reasons for the differences on the basis of revealing the cultural differences between the two classes. On the one hand, explore the reasons for the cultural differences at all levels, the most important ones are the teacher factors, such as the teacher's personality characteristics, educational concepts, professional expertise, professional abilities, etc., in addition to the influence of children and the kindergarten system; On the other hand,  explores the relationship between different levels in the process of forming class culture and the unifying influence on class culture.

Finally, in the conclusion and discussion, based on the above analysis of the class culture content,class cultural performance differences and the reasons, put forward suggestions for building a class culture and creating a good class atmosphere , and thinking about this study are proposed.

参考文献总数:

 96    

馆藏号:

 硕045118/20024    

开放日期:

 2021-06-22    

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